1:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e416-e420. The reappearance of a forgotten disease in the oral cavity: Syphilis. Viñals-Iglesias H, Chimenos-Küstner E. Passeig de Sant Joan,80 2, 1, 08009-Barcelona, Spain, hvinyals@gmail.com. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) produced by Treponema pallidum, which mainly affects humans and is able to invade practically any organ in the body. Its infection facilitates the transmission of other STDs. Since the end of the last decade, successive outbreaks of syphilis have been reported in most western European countries. Like other STDs, syphilis is a notifiable disease in the European Union. In Spain, epidemiological information is obtained nationwide via the country's system for recording notifiable diseases (Spanish acronym EDO) and the national microbiological information system (Spanish acronym SIM), which compiles information from a network of 46 sentinel laboratories in twelve Spanish regions. The STDs that are epidemiologically controlled are gonococcal infection, syphilis, and congenital syphilis. The incidence of each of these diseases is recorded weekly. The information compiled indicates an increase in the cases of syphilis and gonococcal infection in Spain in recent years. According to the EDO, in 1999, the number of cases of syphilis per 100,000 inhabitants was recorded to be 1.69, which has risen to 4.38 in 2007. In this article, we review the reappearance and the evolution of this infectious disease in eight European countries, and alert dentists to the importance of a) diagnosing sexually-transmitted diseases and b) notifying the centres that control them.
2:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e421-e424. Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma of mandible: A Case report. Kini R, Saha A, Naik V. Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, N.H.17, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka. India-575004, raghkini@yahoo.co.in. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a group of neoplasms that originate from the cells of the lymphoreticular system. Forty percent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arise from extra nodal sites. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas detected primarily in the bone are quite rare, but among jaw lesions, they are more frequently present in the maxilla than in the mandible. There are no classical characteristic clinical features of lymphomas involving the jaw bones. Swelling, ulcer or discomfort may be present in the region of the lymphoma, or it may mimic a periapical pathology or a benign condition. Though non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been reported in all age groups, they generally affect the elderly, particularly males. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the bone can be effectively managed by chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. We report a case of a large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible, in which the patient presented with a diffuse swelling on the right body of the mandible. A subsequent biopsy and immunohistochemistry were instrumental in this diagnosis. After finding no metastasis to other sites, the patient was treated with chemotherapy. The swelling regressed completely following the chemotherapy regimen, with no sign of recurrence observed over the last eighteen months.
3:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e425-e428. Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors on wound healing of the tongue. Experimental study on rabbits. López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Molina-Miñano F, Vicente-Ortega V. Dentistry Clinic Universitary, Hospital Morales Meseguer (Second Floor), Medicina Bucal, Avda/ Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008-Murcia (Spain), fcamacho@um.es. Objectives: To apply autologous Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in wounds provoked in the tongue of New Zealand albino rabbits and to study its effects in the epithelialization and inflammation of the wounds at 7 and 28 days after its application. Study Design: A prospective study carried out on 20 adult rabbits. Two wounds were made on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue in each animal, one control, and the other in which PRGF was applied. A histological study of the epithelialization and inflammation of wounds at 7 and 28 days was made. Results: At 7 days were not observed differences between the study group and the control, nevertheless at 28 days all the wounds in which we applied the PRGF were completely epithelialized and with resolution of the inflammatory process, finding significant differences with respect to the control (p=0.031) and (p=0.023). Conclusions: The PRGF accelerates epithelialization and reduces inflammation at 28 days of provoking wounds in the oral mucosa.
4:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e429-e433. Effectiveness of substituting cyclosporin A with tacrolimus in reducing gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. Párraga-Linares L, Almendros-Marqués N, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Centro Médico Teknon, Instituto de investigación UB-IDIBELL, C/Vilana, 12. 08022. Barcelona, Spain cgay@ub.edu. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal therapy combined with tacrolimus in the suppression of gingival overgrowth (GO) and the effect on GO of changing from cyclosporin A to tacrolimus. Patients and Methods: Sixteen renal transplant patients, averaging 52 years of age, whose kidney function was stable and were receiving treatment with cyclosporin A, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental group, patients were instructed in oral hygiene and underwent periodontal treatment, whereas in the control group, only oral hygiene instructions were given. After the first visit and the change of medication from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in both groups, periodic clinical revisions were carried out for 3 months in order to assess the evolution of GO. Results: All patients showed a progressive decrease in GO. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). A greater decrease in GO occurred within the first month after changing the medication. Conclusions: No improved effectiveness in reducing GO was observed for periodontal therapy in combination with tacrolimus. Tacrolimus is an alternative to cyclosporine when attempting to avoid GO in patients with kidney transplants.
5:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e434-e439. Fragile X-syndrome: Literature review and report of two cases. Ridaura-Ruiz L, Quinteros-Borgarello M, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Centro Médico Teknon, C/ Vilana 12, 08022 Barcelona, Spain, cgay@ub.edu. Fragile X-syndrome is caused by a mutation in chromosome X. It is one of the most frequent causes of learning disability. The most frequent manifestations of fragile X-syndrome are learning disability, different orofacial morphological alterations and an increase in testicle size. The disease is associated with cardiac malformations, joint hyperextension and behavioural alterations. We present two male patients aged 17 and 10 years, treated in our Service due to severe gingivitis. Both showed the typical facial and dental characteristics of the syndrome. In addition, we detected the presence of root anomalies such as taurodontism and root bifurcation, which had not been associated with fragile X-syndrome in the literature. In some cases these root malformations have been associated with other sex-linked congenital syndromes, though in none of the studies published in the literature have they been related with fragile X-syndrome. This syndrome is relevant due to its high prevalence, the presentation of certain oral and facial characteristics that can facilitate the diagnosis, and the few cases published to date.
6:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e440-e444. Comparative study of two needle models in terms of deflection during inferior alveolar nerve block. Delgado-Molina E, Tamarit-Borras M, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Centro Médico Teknon, C/Vilana 12, 08022 Barcelona, cgay @ bell.ub.es. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the possible differences in deflection between two needles of same length and external gauge but with different internal gauges during truncal block of the inferior alveolar nerve. The initial working hypothesis was that greater deflection may be expected with larger internal gauge needles. Study design: Four clinicians subjected 346 patients to inferior alveolar nerve block and infiltrating anesthesia of the buccal nerve trajectory for the surgical or conventional extraction of the lower third molar. A nonautoaspirating syringe system with 2 types of needle was used: a standard 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm or an XL Monoprotect(R) 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.265 mm. The following information was systematically recorded for each patient: needle type, gender, anesthetic technique (direct or indirect truncal block) and the number of bone contacts during the procedure, the patient-extraction side, the practitioner performing the technique, and blood aspiration (either positive or negative). Results: 346 needles were used in total. 190 were standard needles (27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm) and 156 were XL Monoprotect(R). Incidence of deflection was observed in 49.1% of cases (170 needles) where 94 were standard needles and 76 XL Monoprotect(R). Needle torsion ranged from 0 degrees and 6 degrees . Conclusions: No significant differences were recorded in terms of deflection and internal gauge, operator, patient-extraction side, the anesthetic technique involved and the number of bone contacts during the procedure.
7:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e445-e449. Chlorhexidine in the prevention of dry socket: Effectiveness of different dosage forms and regimens. Minguez-Serra MP, Salort-Llorca C, Silvestre-Donat FJ. Unidad de Estomatología Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset.Consultas Externas C/ Juan de Garay s/n. 46017-Valencia, Spain, francisco.silvestre@uv.es. Dry socket (DS) is a potential postoperative complication of dental extractions. It is clinically diagnosed by the presence of a denuded socket secondary to premature loss of the blood clot, and manifests as slight discomfort for the patient, followed by sudden worsening with intense or lancing pain. Since the underlying etiology is not clear, the best treatment is prevention. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an antiseptic that acts upon the bacteria of the oral cavity, and is widely used in dental practice. Objectives: A metaanalysis is made of the different CHX treatment regimens used for the prevention of DS, with the proposal of a management protocol designed to maximize the efficacy of such treatment. Material and Methods: Literature searches were made in the PubMed Medline, Cochrane and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, crossing the terms: alveolar osteitis, dry socket and chlorhexidine. The search was limited to randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials. Results: Twelve clinical trials using CHX in rinse or gel form at doses of 0.12% or 0.2% with different administration regimens for the prevention of DS were identified. Conclusion: After reviewing the existing medical literature, it can be concluded that 0.2% CHX gel, applied every 12 hours for 7 days after extraction is the best available option for the prevention of DS. However, this is also the most expensive option, and since CHX is not subsidized by the Spanish public healthcare system, it occasionally may be more advisable to use the 0.12% rinse with the same dosing regimen.
8:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e450-e454. Implant Platform Switching Concept: An Updated Review. López-Marí L, Calvo-Guirado JL, Martín-Castellote B, Gomez-Moreno G, López-Marí M. Mozart No 1, 1o G, Murcia, Spain, 30002,laura_mediser@hotmail.com. Purpose: To review published articles dealing with platform switched implants in order to assess survival rates and clarify their influence both on marginal bone loss around the cervical region of the implant and on soft tissue aesthetics. Material and Methods: PubMed and GallileUM databases were used to identify any studies or clinical cases involving implant platform switching published between January 2000 and August 2008. Studies both of human beings and animals were reviewed whenever they included the relevant implant diameter, length, surface and connection data. Results: Twelve studies of platform switching in humans (75%) and in animal models (25%) were evaluated. Mean implant length was found to be 11.66 +/- 0.2 SD mm and mean diameter was 4.9+/- 0.52 SD mm. Conclusion: It was shown that platform switching helps to prevent crestal bone loss after implant placement and helps obtain satisfactory aesthetic results.
9:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e455-e460. In vitro evaluation of the type of implant bed preparation with osteotomes in bone type IV and its influence on the stability of two implant systems. García-Vives N, Andrés-García R, Rios-Santos V, Fernández-Palacín A, Bullón-Fernández P, Herrero-Climent M, Herrero-Climent F. c/ Sanz Raso 57 28038- Madrid, Spain, gvnuria@gmail.com. Objectives: 1) To evaluate and compare the stability of two types of implants in an animal model after preparing the implant bed with various sequences of osteotomes in bone type IV. 2) To evaluate the hypothesis of whether or not the sequence of using osteotomes influences the primary implant stability. Material and Method: We selected bone from cow ribs, which in its cross section (the most medullar area of the bone) would be equivalent to a type IV human bone. We used fifteen ribs, in which six implant beds were prepared in each rib block using different preparation protocols for seating three conical Swiss Plus SPB implants of 3.7 x 10 mm versus three MK III parallel wall implants of 4 x 10 mm.Three preparations, each with a diameter, were made for the implants, using osteotomes that progressively increased the diameter of the implant bed. In the first preparation, the complete sequence of osteotomes was used; in the second preparation, the last osteotome was left out; and in the third preparation, the implant was placed after only passing through the first osteotome. Once the implants were seated, we proceeded to evaluate the stability (Osstell(R) ISQ-value). The locations were randomly chosen (by a coin toss). Results and statistical analysis: We performed a statistical analysis of the ISQ values that were obtained during the different preparations carried out for the Mk III and Swiss Plus implants. The average range and standard deviation were calculated. The hypothesis was compared by a two-way variance analysis (type of implant/ different sequences of preparing the implant bed). It was considered significant for a p <0.05. The statistical results obtained for the values of the Mk III implant were significant (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The results of this in vitro study conclude that the tapered shape provides more primary stability to the implant and suggest that a short sequence of osteotomes in bone type IV provide more primary stability than the complete sequence.
10:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e461-464. Florid osseous dysplasia: Report of a case presenting acute cellulitis. Pitak-Arnnop P, Dhanuthai K, Chaine A, Bertrand JC, Bertolus C. Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitä tsklinikum Leipzig Aö R, Nürnberger Str. 57, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland poramate.pitakarnnop@gmail.com. In this review, we examined a 45-year-old Asian man who had been diagnosed with florid osseous dysplasia (FOD) of the mandible and acute perimandibular cellulitis. This presentation occurred after a history of off-and-on swellings of the jaw and multiple treatments received at another hospital. An aggressive resection of the jaw was planned; however, the patient denied the treatment and came to our clinic to seek a second opinion. The patient was successfully treated by conservative surgery and antibiotic treatment with preservation of the jaw integrity and the mandibular neurovascular canal. Intraoperatively, a piece of a calcified mass was removed and submitted for histopathological examination. The specimen showed woven bone and densely sclerotic mass of calcified materials exhibiting reversal lines and inflammatory cell infiltration of the connective tissue. The definitive diagnosis was FOD with a secondary infection. Treatments for FOD were discussed.
11:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e465-e468. Schwannoma located in the palate: Clinical case and literature review. López-Carriches C, Baca-Pérez-Bryan R, Montalvo-Montero S. C/ Rey Francisco 11 Bajo Izqierda 28008 Madrid, Spain, maica@torrebionica.com. Schwannoma is a benign tumor that originates from the presence of Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. They are usually asymptomatic, do not recur, and malignant transformation is rare. The preoperative diagnosis is often difficult, and although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are very helpful, in the majority of cases, the diagnosis can only be made during surgery and by histological study. The immunohistochemistry reveals that the Schwannoma cells test positive for S-100 protein. We describe a clinical case of Schwannoma located in the palate of a 15-year-old patient. It is important to highlight that the Schwannoma is usually found in the head and neck, and rarely in the oral cavity. When it does occur in this area, it is more likely to be found in the tongue. Other locations in the oral cavity include: the floor of the mouth, palate, gingiva, vestibular mucosa, lips and mental nerve area, listed from most common to least common. There has been no sign of recurrence two years after surgery.
12:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e469-e474. Treatment of oral mucocele-scalpel versus C02 laser. Yagüe-García J, España-Tost AJ, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Centro Médico Teknon, C/ Vilana 12, 08022 - Barcelona, Spain, cgay@ub.edu. Objective: To compare the results obtained after oral mucocele resection with the scalpel versus the CO2 laser, based on the complications and recurrences after surgery. Patients and Methods: Of the 68 patients we studied who have mucocele, 38 were resected with a scalpel and the remaining 30 with the CO2 laser (5-7 W). Patient sex and age were documented, along with location of the lesion as well as size, symptoms, duration, etiological factors, type of treatment, complications and recurrences after surgical removal. Results: The sample comprised 40 males and 28 females, aged between 6-65 years. The histological diagnosis was extravasation mucocele in 95% of the cases. The most frequent location was the lower lip (73.5%). The mean lesion diameter was 9 mm , and in most cases no evident etiological factor was recorded. The mean duration of the lesion was 4 months. Among the cases of conventional surgical removal of mucocele, recurrence was recorded in 8.8% of the cases, and 13.2% of the patients suffered postoperative complications - the most frequent being the presence of fibrous scars. There were no complications or relapses after a minimum follow-up of 12 months in the cases subjected to CO2 laser treatment. Conclusions: Oral mucocele ablation with the CO2 laser offers more predictable results and fewer complications and recurrences than conventional resection with the scalpel.
13:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e475-e479. Factors that influence the position of the peri-implant soft tissues: A review. Sorni-Bröker M, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Avda. Primado Reig 179 2E, 46020 Valencia, Spain, marcosorni@hotmail.com. Introduction: The implantological rehabilitation of the anterior sector is one of the most demanding and complex treatments due to the necessity of obtaining an optimum esthetic result. At the level of the soft tissues, it involves obtaining the complete formation of the papilla and creating a harmonic contour of the gingival margin. Objective: A bibliographical review has been carried out on the factors that influence the final position of the soft tissues. Material and methods: A search has been carried out in the Pubmed database of articles written in English and Spanish. Articles that presented a clinical series of less than five patients and a monitoring of less than one year were excluded. Results: At the level of the papilla, there are two decisive factors that play an influential role: the formation of the biological width and the distance between the alveolar crest and the contact point. The position of the gingival margin depends mainly of the height and width of the facial bone, as well as on the biotype. The surgical technique, as well as certain prosthodontics aspects related to the implant, can influence the final position of the soft tissues. Conclusions: Although, today we know much more about the factors that influence the position of the soft tissues, there are still certain aspects that should be studied more in-depth, for example the influence of the micro and macro-structure of the implant in the position of the soft tissues.
14:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e480-e484. Palatal atypical histiocytic granuloma. Romero-Ruiz MM, Torres-Lagares D, Alonso-Alejandro E, Serrano-González A, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL. Facultad de Odontología de Sevilla, C/ Avicena s/n 41009, Sevilla, Spain, danieltl@us.es. In this report, we examine a clinical entity called atypical histiocytic granuloma (AHG), which is characterized by ulceroproliferative lesions that clinically simulate a squamous cell carcinoma or specific granulomatous lesions. AHG histologically shows a histiocytic proliferation and is characterized by specific mitotic activity, which has the potential to be confused with malignant processes of a lymphoid origin. There are few cases reported in the literature, and an adequate knowledge of the process is required in order to avoid a misdiagnosis, especially as regards malignant processes. To our knowledge, a case of this type of lesion in the palate has not yet been described. We present a case of an atypical histiocytic granuloma which occurred in the form of an ulcerated pediculated lesion in the palatine mucosa (an uncommon localization that not yet has been researched). This case histologically showed a histiocytic infiltration with an increase in the mitotic index, eosinophils and an accumulation of haemosiderin. The lesion resolved spontaneously after the biopsy, without recurring after a period of five years. This report stresses the important value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing the lesion and also discusses the similarities and differences between other lesions that may be confused, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis.
15:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e485-e488. The use of simvastatin in bone regeneration. Park JB. Currently Visiting Scientist, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1664 McIntyre Drive Ann Arbor MI, 48105 USA jbassoonis@yahoo.co.kr. Simvastatin is a chemical modification of lovastatin, a rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Simvastatin has been reported to promote osteoblastic activity and inhibit osteoclastic activity. It is also reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect that works by decreasing the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. The successful use of simvastatin to promote bone formation in vivo depends on the local concentration, and there have been continuous efforts to find an appropriate delivery system. Different doses produce different effects and doses should be prescribed with caution considering benefits and risks. There have been many studies demonstrating the bone-promoting effect of local application with different carriers in various animal models. Simvastatin is shown to increase cancellous bone volume, bone formation rate, and cancellous bone compressive strength. In this review, the summary was made of the various in vitro and in vivo studies. The effects of simvastatins based on different methods of administration, dosage and carriers were also described.
16:	Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Sep 1;14(9):e489-e493. Cytotoxic effects of tegdma on THP-1 cells in vitro. Harorli OT, Bayindir YZ, Altunkaynak BZ, Tatar A. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey, osmantolga@gmail.com. Objective: Resin based dental materials are not stable in the oral environment and may release their components into biological media. These components may include substances such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which is a major co-monomer of dental resin materials. This release can trigger host immune and inflammatory responses against foreign materials, mediated by monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible cytotoxic effects of TEGDMA on human THP-1 monocytes. Material and Methods: THP-1 cells were exposed to various concentrations of TEGDMA (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, or 8 mM) for 48 hours. An untreated group was used as control. The effects of TEGDMA on cell proliferation, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by light microscopy. Results: Cell proliferation was inhibited by 4 mM and 8 Mm TEGDMA. Increasing TEGDMA concentrations caused a decrease in cell viability. All TEGDMA concentrations used in this study had an apoptotic effect on THP-1 cells when compared with the control group. Conclusions: The dental monomer TEGDMA had an adverse effect on cell proliferation and exerted an apoptotic and toxic effect on THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.