Mozo S, Llena C, Chieffi N, Forner L, Ferrari M. Effectiveness of passive ultrasonic irrigation in improving elimination of smear layer and opening dentinal tubules. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(1):e47-52.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.51297

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/jced.51297

 

References

1. Gu Ls, Kim JR, Ling J, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Review of contemporary Irrigation Agitation Techniques And Devices. J Endod. 2009;35:791-804.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.010

PMid:19482174                                                                   

                                                                     

2. Haapasalo M, Endal U, Zandi H, Coil Jm. Eradication of endodontic infection by instrumentation and irrigation solutions. Endod Topics 2005;10:77-102.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00135.x                                                     

                                                                     

3. Lee Sj, Wu Mk, Wesselink PR.The effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from different-sized simulated plastic root canals. Int Endod J. 2004;37:607-12.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00857.x

PMid:15317564                                                                   

                                                                     

4. Saber Sel-D, Hashem AA. Efficacy of different final irrigation activation techniques on smear layer removal. J Endod. 2011;37:1272-5.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.007

PMid:21846546                                                                   

                                                                     

5. Van Der Sluis LW, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40:415-26.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01243.x

PMid:17442017                                                                   

                                                                     

6. Van Der Sluis LW, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. A comparison between a smooth wire and a K-file in removing artificially placed dentine debris from root canals in resin blocks during ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J. 2005;38:593-6.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00921.x

PMid:16104971                                                                   

                                                                     

7. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33:81-95.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.10.008

PMid:17258622                                                                   

                                                                     

8. Munley PJ, Goodell GG. Comparison of passive ultrasonic debridement between fluted and nonfluted Instruments in root canals. J Endod. 2007;33:578-80.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.009

PMid:17437876                                                                   

                                                                     

9. Boutsioukis C, Gogos C, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Kastrinakis E, Van Der Sluis LW. The effect of apical preparation size on irrigant flow in root canals evaluated using an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics model. Int Endod J. 2010;43:874-81.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01761.x

PMid:20618879                                                                   

                                                                     

10. Boutsioukis C, Gogos C, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Kastrinakis E, Van Der Sluis LW. The effect of root canal taper on the irrigant flow: evaluation using an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics model. Int Endod J. 2010;43:909-16.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01767.x

PMid:20618877                                                                   

                                                                     

11. Van Der Sluis LW, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. The efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from human root canals prepared using instruments of varying taper. Int Endod J. 2005;38:764-8.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01018.x

PMid:16164691                                                                   

                                                                     

12. Cameron JA. Factors affecting the clinical efficiency of ultrasonic endodontics: a scanning electron microscopy study. Int Endod J. 1995;28:47-53.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00156.x

PMid:7642329                                                     

                                                                     

13. Roy RA, Ahmad M, Crum LA. Physical mechanisms governing the hydrodynamic response of an oscillating ultrasonic file. Int Endod J. 1994;27:197-207.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00254.x

PMid:7814129                                                     

                                                                     

14. Al-Jadaa A, PaquŽ F, Attin T, Zehnder M. Necrotic pulp dissolution by passive ultrasonic irrigation in simulated accessory Canals: impact of canal location and angulation. Int Endod J. 2009;42:59-65.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01497.x

PMid:19125981                                                                   

                                                                     

15. Townsend C, Maki J. An in vitro comparison of new irrigation and agitation techniques to ultrasonic agitation in removing bacteria from a simulated root canal. J Endod. 2009;35,1040-3.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.007

PMid:19567330                                                                   

                                                                     

16. Abesi F, Ehsani M. Radiographic evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth canal curvatures in an Iranian population. Iran Endod J. 2011;6:25-8.

PMid:23130051 PMCid:PMC3471584                                                      

                                                                     

17. Serafino C, Gallina G, Cumbo E, Monticelli F, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Ultrasound effects after post preparation: An SEM study. J Endod. 2006;32:549-52.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.07.003

PMid:16728248                                                                   

                                                                     

18. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977; 33:159-74.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2529310                                                         

PMID: 843571

 

19. Huang TY, Gulabivala K, Ng Yl. A bio-molecular film ex-vivo model to evaluate the influence of canal dimensions and irrigation variables on the efficacy of irrigation. Int Endod J. 2008;41:60–71.

PMid:17916068                                                                   

                                                                     

20. Khademi A, Yazdizadeh M, Feizianfard M. Determination of the minimum instrumentation size for penetration of irrigants to the apical third of root canal systems. J Endod. 2006;32:417-20.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.11.008

PMid:16631839                                                                   

                                                                     

21. Agrawal VS, Kapoor S. An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study comparing the efficacy of passive ultrasonic and syringe irrigation methods using sodium hypochlorite in removal of debris from the root canal system. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2012;58:156-61.

PMid:22888739                                                                   

                                                                     

22. Mozo S, Llena C, Forner L Review of ultrasonic irrigation in endodontics: increasing action of irrigating solutions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17(3):e512-6.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17621

PMid:22143738 PMCid:PMC3476090                                                      

                                                                     

23. Stock CJ. Current status of the use of ultrasound in endodontics. Int Dent J. 1991;41:175-82.

PMid:1860725                                                     

                                                                     

24. Jensen SA, Walker Tl, Hutter JW, Nicoll BK. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of passive sonic activation and passive ultrasonic activation after hand instrumentation in molar root canals. J Endod. 1999;25:735-8.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80120-4                                                        

PMID: 10726540

                                                                     

25. Burleson A, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. The in vivo evaluation of hand/rotary/ ultrasound instrumentation in necrotic, human mandibular molars. J Endod. 2007;33:782-7.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.015

PMid:17804312                                                                   

                                                                     

26. De Moor RJ, Meire M, Goharkhay K, Moritz A, Vanobbergen J. Efficacy of ultrasonic versus laser-activated irrigation to remove artificially placed dentin debris plugs. J Endod. 2010;36:1580-3.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.06.007

PMid:20728731                                                                   

                                                                     

27. De Moor RJ, Blanken J, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: evaluation of the efficacy. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41:520-3.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20797

PMid:19639621                                                                    

                                                                     

28. Van Der Sluis LW, Vogels PJM, Verhaagen B, Macedo R, Wesselink PR. Study on the influence of Refreshment/Activation Cycles and Irrigations on Mechanical Cleaning Efficiency During Ultrasonic Activation of the Irrigation. J Endod. 2010;36:737-40.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.004

PMid:20307755                                                                   

                                                                     

29. Castagna F, Rizzon P, da Rosa RA, Santini MF, Barreto MS, Duarte MA, S— MV. Effect of passive ultrassonic instrumentation as a final irrigation protocol on debris and smear layer removal--a SEM analysis. Microsc Res Tech. 2013;76:496-502.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22192

PMid:23456772                                                                   

                                                                     

30. Gutarts R, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. In vivo debridement efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation following hand rotary instrumentation in human mandibular molars. J Endod. 2005;31:166-70.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000137651.01496.48

PMid:15735461