Tadikonda A, Pentapati  KC, Urala AS, Acharya S. Anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect Papain, Bromelain, Miswak and Neem containing dentifrice: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(5):e649-53.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.53593

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/jced.53593

 

References

1. Axelsson P. Concept and practice of plaque-control. Pediatr Dent.1981;3:101-13.

 

2. Holmen L, Mejare I, Malmgren B Thylstrup A. The effect of regular professional plaque removal on dental caries in vivo. A polarized light and scanning electron microscope study. Caries Res.1988;22:250-6.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000261116
PMid:3165719

 

3. Kinane DF. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2001;25:8-20.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.22250102.x
PMid:11155179

 

4. Dawes C, Jenkins GN, Tonge CH. The nomenclature of the integuments of the enamel surface of teeth. Brit Dent J. 1963;115:65.

 

5. Marsh PD. Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and disease. Adv Dent Res. 1994;8:263-71.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08959374940080022001
PMid:7865085

 

6. Pradeep AR, Garg G, Pradeep S. Short term clinical effects of a herbal based tooth paste – A randomised control trial. J Int Clin Dent Res Organ. 2009;1:1-10.

 

7. Kalyana P, Shashidhar A, Meghashyam B, SreeVidya KR, Sweta S. Stain removal efficacy of a novel dentifrice containing papain and Bromelain extracts – an in vitro study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2011;9:229-33.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00473.x
PMid:21356017

 

8. Chakravarthy PK, Acharya S. Efficacy of Extrinsic Stain Removal by Novel Dentifrice Containing Papain and Bromelain Extracts. J Young Pharm. 2012;4:245-9.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.104368
PMid:23493413 PMCid:PMC3573376

 

9. Patil PA, Ankola AV, Hebbal MI, Patil AC. Comparison of effectiveness of abrasive and enzymatic action of whitening toothpastes in removal of extrinsic stains – a clinical trial. Int J Dent Hygiene. 2015;13:25-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12090
PMid:25046241

 

10. Bekhit AA, Hopkins DL, Geesink G, Bekhit AA, Franks P. Exogenous proteases for meat tenderization. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54:1012-31.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.623247
PMid:24499119

 

11. Dhaval A, Yadav N, Purwar S. Potential applications of food derived bioactive peptides in management of health. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2016;22:377-98.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-016-9514-z

 

12. Lowe G. The Structure and Mechanism of Action of Papain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1970;257:237-48.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1970.0023
PMid:4399048

 

13. Kelly GS. Bromelain: A Literature Review and Discussion of its Therapeutic Applications. Alt Med Rev 1996;1:243-57.

 

14. Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000936
PMid:11577981

 

15. Surathu N, Kurumathur AV. Traditional therapies in the management of periodontal disease in India and China. Periodontol 2000. 2011;56:14-24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00369.x
PMid:21501235

 

16. Profit WR (2007) Orthodontic treatment planning: Limitations, Controversies and special problems. Contemporary Orthodontics (4th edtn) Elsevier Science: 268-330.

 

17. Anhoury P, Nathanson D, Hughes CV, Socransky S, Feres M. Microbial profile on metallic and ceramic bracket materials. Angle Orthod 2002;72: 338-43.
PMid:12169034

 

18. Williams P, Clerehugh V, Worthington HV, Shaw WC. Comparison of two plaque indices for use in fixed orthodontic appliance patients. J Dent Res. 1991;70:703.

 

19. Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356408993968
PMid:14158464

 

20. Dhingra K, Vandana KL. Effectiveness of Azadirachta indica (neem) mouthrinse in plaque and gingivitis control: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2017;15:4-15.
https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12191
PMid:26876277

 

21. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J 2015; 36: 530-543.
https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.5.10785
PMid:25935172 PMCid:PMC4436748

 

22. Botelho MA, BezerraFilho JG, Correa LL, Heukelbach J. Effect of a novel essential oil mouthrinse without alcohol on gingivitis: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2007;15:175-80.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572007000300005
PMid:19089126 PMCid:PMC4327463

 

23. Chatterjee A, Mini Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A.To evaluate the antigingivitis and antipalque effect of an Azadirachta indica (neem) mouthrinse on plaque induced gingivitis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15:398-401.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.92578
PMid:22368367 PMCid:PMC3283940

 

24. Khalessi AM, Pack AR, Thomson WM, Tompkins GR. An in vivo study of the plaque control efficacy of Persica: a commercially available herbal mouthwash containing extracts of Salvadora persica. Int Dent J. 2004;54:279-83.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2004.tb00294.x
PMid:15503853