González C, Forner L, Llena C, Lozano A. Temperature changes in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate using two activation methods with different intensity levels. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018;10(5):e458-61.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.54732

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/jced.54732

 

References

1. Nair PNR. Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis and the Causes of Endodontic Failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15:348-81.
https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130401500604
PMid:15574679

 

2. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J Conserv Dent. 2010;13:256-64.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.73378
PMid:21217955 PMCid:PMC3010032

 

3. Basrani B, Haapasalo M. Update on endodontic irrigating solutions. Endod Topics. 2012;27:74-102.
https://doi.org/10.1111/etp.12031

 

4. Basrani B. Chlorhexidine gluconate. Aust Endod J. 2005;31:48-52.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2005.tb00221.x
PMid:16128251

 

5. Leonardo MR, Tanomaru Filho M, Silva LAB, Nelson Filho P, Bonifacio KC, Ito IY. In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of 2% Chlorhexidine Used as a Root Canal Irrigation Solution. J Endod. 1999;25:167-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80135-6

 

6. Kuruvilla JR, Premanand Kamath M. Antimicrobial activity of 2.5% sodium hypoclorite and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate separately and combined, as endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 1998;24:472-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80049-6

 

7. Souza M, Cecchin D, Farina AP, Leite CE, Fernandes Cruz F, da Cunha Pereira C, et al. Evaluation of chlorhexidine substativity on human dentin: a chemical analysis. J Endod. 2012;38:1249-52.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.003
PMid:22892744

 

8. Siqueira Jr JF, Paiva SSM, Rôças IN. Reduction in the Cultivable Bacterial Populations in Infected Root Canals by a Chlorhexidine-based Antimicrobial Protocol. J Endod. 2007;33:541-47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.008
PMid:17437868

 

9. Basrani B, Manek S, Fillery E. Using Diazotization to Characterize the Effect of Heat or Sodium Hy-pochlorite on 2.0% Chlorhexidine. J Endod. 2009;35:1296-99.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.037
PMid:19720235

 

10. Akisue E, Tomita VS, Gavini G, Figareido JAP. Effect of the combination of sodium hypoclorite and chlorhexidine on dentinal permeability and scanning electron microscopy precipítate observation. J Endod. 2010;36:847-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.11.019
PMid:20416431

 

11. Cintra LTA, Watanabe S, Oliveira Samuel R, da Silva Facundo AC, de Azevedo Queiroz IO, Dezan Jr E, et al.The use of NaOCl in combination with CHX produces cytotoxic product. Clin Oral Invest. 2014;18:935-40.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1049-5
PMid:23892500

 

12. Van der Sluis LWM, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40:415-26.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01243.x
PMid:17442017

 

13. Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Langedijk J, Wesselink P, van der Sluis LWM. The Influence of the Ultrasonic Intensity on the Cleaning Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. J Endod. 2007;37:688-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.02.004
PMid:21496672

 

14. Weber CD, McClanahan SB, Miller GA, Diener-West M, Johnson JD. The effect of passive ultrasonic activation of 2% chlorhexidine or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigant on residual antimicrobial activity in root canals. J Endod. 2003;29:562-64.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200309000-00005
PMid:14503827

 

15. Shen Y, Stojicic S, Qian W, Olsen I, Haapasalo M. The synergistic antimicrobial effect by mechanical agitation and two chlorhexidine preparations on biofilm bacteria. J Endod. 2010;36:100-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.018
PMid:20003944

 

16. Zeltner M, Peters OA, Paqué F. Temperature changes during ultrasonic irrigation with different in-serts and modes of activation. J Endod. 2009;35:573-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.01.007
PMid:19345808

 

17. Macedo RG, Verhaagen B, Wesselink PR, Versluis M, van der Sluis LW. Influence of refresh-ment/activation cycles and temperature rise on the reaction rate of sodium hypochlorite with bovine dentine during ultrasonic activated irrigation. Int Endod J. 2014;47:147-54.
https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12125
PMid:23701220

 

18. Barbin LE, Saquy PC, Guedes DF, Sousa-Neto MD, Estrela C, Pécora JD. Determination of para-chloroaniline and reactive oxygen species in chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine associated with calcium hydroxide. J Endod. 2008;34:1508-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.032
PMid:19026884

 

19. Barbin LE, Estrela C, Guedes DF, Spanó JC, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD. Detection of para-chloroaniline, reactive oxygen species, and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene in high concentrations of chlorhexidine and in a mixture of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide. J Endod. 2013;39:664-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.018
PMid:23611387

 

20. Llena C, Forner L, Cambralla R, Lozano A. Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40:143-8.
https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.143
PMid:25984476 PMCid:PMC4432257

 

21. de Hemptinnem F, Slaus G, Vandendael M, Jacquet W, De Moor RJ, Bottenberg P. In vivo intraca-nal temperature evolution during endodontic treatment after the injection of room temperature or preheated sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2015;41:1112-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.011
PMid:25814243