El Kattan ES, Elhiny OA, El Kattan ME, El Kattan AE, Elsheikh A. Facial analysis using a new clinical device: The Kattan Facio-meter. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(1):e9-14.

doi:10.4317/jced.55394

http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.55394

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

References

1. Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999;2:49-52.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.1999.2.2.49
PMid:10534979

2. Cevidanes LHC, Motta A, Proffit WR, Ackerman JL, Styner M. Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:120-29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.021
PMid:20381752 PMCid:PMC2859472

3. Ackerman JL, Proffit WR. Soft tissue limitations in orthodontics: Treatment planning guidelines. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:327-336.
PMid:9347106

4. Plooij JM, Swennen GRJ, Rangel FA, Maal TJJ, Schutyser FAC, Bronkhorst EM, Kuijpers–Jagtman AM, Bergé SJ. Evaluation of reproducibility and reliability of 3D soft tissue analysis using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:267-273.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2008.12.009
PMid:19167191

5. Phillips C, Greer J, Vig P, Matteson S. Photocephalometry: Errors of projection and landmark location. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:233-243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90375-0

6. Robertson NR, Volp CR. Telecentric photogrammetry: Its development, testing and application. Am J Orthod. 1981;80:623-637.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(81)90265-7

7. Lundstrorn A, lundstrom F, Lebret LL, Moorrees CF. Natural head position and natural head orientation: basic considerations in cephalometric analysis and research. Europ J Orthod. 1995;17:111-117.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/17.2.111

8. El Kattan E. A new method for head orientation. Egyp Orthod J. 1994;93-104.

9. El Kattan E, El Kattan M, Elhiny OA. A New Horizontal Plane of the Head. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6:767-771.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.172
PMid:29875843 PMCid:PMC5985866

10. El Kattan E. A new device: Kattan Profilometer. Egyp Orthod J. 1995;19-33.

11. Elhiny OA, El Kattan E, Salama A. Smile Proprotions in Egyptians: A new application for the Kattan Profilometer. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Orthodontics, 2005.

12. Elhiny OA, El Kattan E, Salama A. The endless quest for attractive esthetics: Beauty in the eyes of the beholder. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2018.

13. Moate S, Geenty J, Shen G, Darendeliler M. A new craniofacial diagnostic technique: The Sydney diagnostic system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:334-342.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.04.047
PMid:17346588

14. Dickens ST, Sarver DM, Proffit WR. Changes in frontal soft tissue dimensions of the lower face by age and gender. World L Orthod 2003;3:313-320.

15. Bishara SE, Abdalla EM, Hoppens BJ. Cephalometric comparison of dentofacial parameters between Egyptian and North American adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;101:413-421.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70113-Q

16. Beatty E. A modified technique for evaluating apical base relationships. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:303-315.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(75)90238-9

17. Bishara SE, Fahl J, Peterson LC. Longitudinal changes in ANB angle and Wits appraisal: clinical implications. Am J Orthod. 1983;84:133-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(83)90177-X

18. Jacobson A. The Wits appraisal of jaw disharmony. Am J Orthod. 1975;67:125-138.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(75)90065-2

19. Rotberg S, Fried N, Kane J, Shapiro E. Predicting the Wits appraisal from the ANB angle. Am J Orthod. 1980;77:636-642.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(80)90155-4

20. Rushton R, Cohen A, Linney A. The relationship and reproducibility of angle ANB and Wits appraisal. Br J Orthod. 1991;18:225-231.
https://doi.org/10.1179/bjo.18.3.225
PMid:1931857

21. Tylor TS, Ackerman RJ, Hardman PK. Exposure reduction and image quality in orthodontic radiology: a review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;93:68-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(88)90195-3

22. Freeman R. Adjusting ANB angles to reflect the effects of maxillary position. Angle Orthod. 1981;83:382-390.

23. Ishii N, Deguchi T, Hunt N. Morphological differences in the craniofacial structure between Japanese and Caucasian girls with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:61-67.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/24.1.61
PMid:11887380

24. El Kattan E. A photographic study of the soft-tissue profile in a group of Egyptian school children. Msc thesis orthodontic dept. Cairo University, 1980.

25. Sushner NI. A phtotgraphic study of the soft-tissue profile of the Negro population. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:373-85.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(77)90350-5

26. Munir H, Taher S. A cephalometric evaluation of the vertical dentofacial and soft tissue morphology in Egyptian adults. Egyptian Dent J 2001;47:411-418.

27. Park YC, Burstone CJ. Soft tissue profile--fallacies of hard-tissue standards in treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90:52-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(86)90027-2

28. Iwasaki H, Ishikawa H, Chowdhury L, Nakamura S, Lida J. Properties of the ANB angle and the wits appraisal in the skeletal estimation of Angle's Class III patients. Eur J of orthod. 2002;24:477-483.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/24.5.477

29. Kapoor D, Garg D. Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a population living in Chitwan District of Nepal. Int J Contem Medic Res. 2017;4:947-949.

30. Al-Khateeb EAA, Al-Khateeb SN. Antroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:859-866.
https://doi.org/10.2319/062208-325.1
PMid:19705928

31. Afifi HA. Application of Steiner's analysis on a group of Egyptian school children. Msc thesis, Cairo University, 1998.

32. Fahmy MA. Development of cephalometric norms for young Egyptian adults and their comparison with appropriate American sample. Msc thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, 1978.