Vardas E, Georgaki M, Papadopoulou E, Delli K, Kouroumalis A, Kalfarentzos E, Lakiotaki E, Nikitakis NG. Diagnostic challenges in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the maxilla presenting as exposed necrotic bone. J Clin Exp Dent. 2022;14(3):e303-9.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.59346

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.59346

___________

 

References

1. Armitage JO, Gascoyne RD, Lunning MA, Cavalli F. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2017;390:298-310.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32407-2

PMid:28153383

 

2. Connors JM, Cozen W, Steidl C, Carbone A, Hoppe RT, Flechtner HH, et al. Hodgkin lymphoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6:61.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0189-6
PMid:32703953

 

3. Vannata B, Zucca E. Primary extranodal B-cell lymphoma: current concepts and treatment strategies. Chin Clin Oncol. 2015;4:10.

PMid:25841717

 

4. Epstein JB, Epstein JD, Le ND, Gorsky M. Characteristics of oral and paraoral malignant lymphoma: a population-based review of 361 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:519-525.
https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2001.116062
PMid:11709688

 

5. Vega F, Lin P, Medeiros LJ. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2005;9:340-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.020
PMid:16308165

 

6. Walter C, Ziebart T, Sagheb K, Rahimi-Nedjat RK, Manz A, Hess G. Malignant lymphomas in the head and neck region--a retrospective, single-center study over 41 years. Int J Med Sci. 2015;12:141-5.
https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.10483
PMid:25589890 PMCid:PMC4293179

 

7. Slootweg PJ, Wittkampf AR, Kluin PM, de Wilde PC, van Unnik JA. Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral tissues. An analysis of 20 cases. J Maxillofac Surg. 1985;13:85-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0503(85)80022-9

PMid:3858400

 

8. Wolvius EB, Van der Valk P, Van der Wal JE, Van Diest PJ, Huijgens PC, Van der Waal I, et al. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the oral cavity. An analysis of 34 cases. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1994;30:121-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(94)90063-9

PMid:8032301

 

9. Solomides CC, Miller AS, Christman RA, Talwar J, Simpkins H. Lymphomas of the oral cavity: histology, immunologic type, and incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:153-7.
https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2002.30721
PMid:11957138

 

10. Kolokotronis A, Konstantinou N, Christakis I, Papadimitriou P, Matiakis A, Zaraboukas T, et al. Localized B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of oral cavity and maxillofacial region: a clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;9:303-10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.03.028
PMid:15716836

 

11. van der Waal RI, Huijgens PC, van der Valk P, van der Waal I. Characteristics of 40 primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the oral cavity in perspective of the new WHO classification and the International Prognostic Index. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:391-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2004.08.009
PMid:16053848

 

12. Kemp S, Gallagher G, Kabani S, Noonan V, O'Hara C. Oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: review of the literature and World Health Organization classification with reference to 40 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105:194-201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.019
PMid:17604660

 

13. Triantafillidou K, Dimitrakopoulos J, Iordanidis F, Gkagkalis A. Extranodal non-hodgkin lymphomas of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region: a clinical study of 58 cases and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:2776-85.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2012.01.018
PMid:22494508

 

14. de Arruda JAA, Schuch LF, Conte Neto N, de Souza LL, Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, Abreu LG, et al. Oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas: A multi-institutional collaborative study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2021;50:603-612.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13211
PMid:34091952

 

15. Tseng CH, Wang WC, Chen CY, Hsu HJ, Chen YK. Clinical manifestations of oral lymphomas - Retrospective study of 15 cases in a Taiwanese population and a review of 592 cases from the literature. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120:361-370.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.025
PMid:32505589

 

16. Djavanmardi L, Oprean N, Alantar A, Bousetta K, Princ G. Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the jaws: a review of 16 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2008;36:410-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2008.03.004
PMid:18562205

 

17. Scherfler S, Freier K, Seeberger R, Bacon C, Hoffmann J, Thiele OC. Cranio-maxillofacial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical and histological presentation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40:e211-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2011.10.021
PMid:22093243

 

18. Li S, Young KH, Medeiros LJ. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathology. 2018;50:74-87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.006
PMid:29167021

 

19. Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Gałązka K, Szpor J, Rymkiewicz G, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Gruchała A, et al. Distribution of lymphomas in Poland according to World Health Organization classification: analysis of 11718 cases from National Histopathological Lymphoma Register project - the Polish Lymphoma Research Group study. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:3280-6.

PMid:25031749 PMCid:PMC4097276

 

20. Bhattacharyya I, Chehal HK, Cohen DM, Al-Quran SZ. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the oral cavity: germinal center classification. Head Neck Pathol. 2010;4:181-91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-010-0184-4
PMid:20533006 PMCid:PMC2923304

 

21. Velez I, Hogge M. Primary maxillofacial large B-cell lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: report of 5 cases. Case Rep Radiol. 2011;2011:108023.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/108023
PMid:22606537 PMCid:PMC3350266

 

22. Zadik Y, Lehman H, Neuman T, Benoliel R. Primary lymphoma of the mandible masquerading as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaws. Quintessence Int. 2012;43:769-75.

PMid:23041991

 

23. Jessri M, AbdulMajeed AA, Matias Farah CS. A case of primary diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma misdiagnosed as chronic periapical periodontitis. Aust Dent J. 2013;58:250-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12056
PMid:23713648

 

24. Okahata R, Shimamoto H, Marutani K, Tomita S, Nakatani A, Kishino M, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible with periosteal reaction: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;117:e228-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2013.12.002
PMid:24439924

 

25. Bugshan, A., Kassolis, J., Basile, J. Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mandible: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Oncol. 2015;8:451-455.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000441469
PMid:26600778 PMCid:PMC4649735

 

26. Buchanan A, Kalathingal S, Capes J, Kurago Z. Unusual presentation of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the head and neck: description of a case with emphasis on radiographic features and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2015:44:1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20140288
PMid:25421808 PMCid:PMC4614159

 

27. Cameron YS Lee, Krist C Lee, Jon B Suzuki. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the gingiva mistaken for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): A case report. Dent Oral Craniofac Res. 2015;1:136-140.
https://doi.org/10.15761/DOCR.1000132

 

28. Puneeth HK, Kumar SRR, Ananthaneni A, Jakkula AN. Physical torment: A predisposition for diffuse B-cell lymphoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23:17-22.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_7_18
PMid:30967717 PMCid:PMC6421932

 

29. Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, de Souza LL, Santos-Costa SFD, Pontes HAR, de Almeida OP, Vargas PA, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of oral diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2019;48:185-191.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12802
PMid:30414287

 

30. Camila S. Oliveira, Matheus H. A. de Lima, Felipe D'Almeida Costa, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez, Talita Maira Bueno da Silveira da Rocha, et al. Mandible lymphoma: an aggressive osteolytic lesion. Applied Cancer Research 2020;40:1-53.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41241-020-00087-w

 

31. Fatahzadeh M. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of mandible masquerading as a toothache. Quintessence Int. 2020;51:50-55.

PMid:31792469

 

32. Huang S, Messeca C, Remangeon F, Famery C. Diagnostic difficulty of a mandibular manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report. J Oral Med Oral Surg. 2021;27:2.
https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2020041

 

33. Mulligan ME, McRae GA, Murphey MD. Imaging features of primary lymphoma of bone. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173:1691-7.
https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.173.6.10584821
PMid:10584821

 

34. Almazrooa SA, Woo SB. Bisphosphonate and nonbisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140:864-75.
https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0280
PMid:19571050

 

35. Huh S, Lee CY, Ohe JY, Lee JW, Choi BJ, Lee BS, et al. Chronic maxillary sinusitis and diabetes related maxillary osteonecrosis: a case report. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;41:332-7.
https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2015.41.6.332
PMid:26734561 PMCid:PMC4699935

 

36. Peravali RK, Jayade B, Joshi A, Shirganvi M, Bhasker Rao C, Gopalkrishnan K. Osteomyelitis of maxilla in poorly controlled diabetics in a rural Indian population. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2012;11:57-66.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-011-0283-0
PMid:23449555 PMCid:PMC3319832

 

37. Dima A, Pedersen AB, Pedersen L, Baicus C, Thomsen RW. Association of common comorbidities with osteonecrosis: a nationwide population-based case-control study in Denmark. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e020680.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020680
PMid:29439082 PMCid:PMC5829903

 

38. Peer A, Khamaisi M. Diabetes as a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Dent Res. 2015;94:252-60.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514560768
PMid:25477311 PMCid:PMC4438733

 

39. Ruggiero BL, Edwards SP. Diabetes mellitus and its association with infection and osteonecrosis of the jaws. In Bones, Joints, and Hormones series, Diabetes Mellitus. 2020;159-181.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820605-8.00008-5

 

40. Drescher W, Schlieper G, Floege J, Eitner F. Steroid-related osteonecrosis--an update. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26:2728-31.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr212
PMid:21602181

 

41. Suryani IR, Ahmadzai I, Shujaat S, Ma H, Jacobs R. Non-antiresorptive drugs associated with the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04331-7
PMid:35013781

 

42. Nisi M, La Feria F, Graziani F, Gabriele M. Osteonecrosis of the jaws related to corticosteroids therapy: a case report. Annali di Stomatologia. 2014;Suppl.2: 1-54.

 

43. Wong LS, Tay KK, Chieng YL. Osteonecrosis of mandible A rare complication of long-term steroid use. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2015;27:215-217.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2014.05.009

 

44. Chiu CT, Chiang WF, Chuang CY, Chang SW. Resolution of oral bisphosphonate and steroid-related osteonecrosis of the jaw--a serial case analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1055-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.12.030
PMid:20403529

 

45. Bedogni A, Saia G, Ragazzo M, Bettini G, Capelli P, D'Alessandro E, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis can hide jaw metastases. Bone. 2007;41:942-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.08.025
PMid:17905677

 

46. Frei M, Bornstein MM, Schaller B, Reichart PA, Weimann R, Iizuka T. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw combined with jaw metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:863-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.11.015
PMid:20307770

 

47. Gander T, Obwegeser JA, Zemann W, Grätz KW, Jacobsen C. Malignancy mimicking bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case series and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014;117:32-36.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.028
PMid:24332325

 

48. Mauceri R, Toro C, Panzarella V, Iurato Carbone M, Rodolico V, Campisi G. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ): A Case Series. Oral. 2021;1:326-331.
https://doi.org/10.3390/oral1040032

 

49. Arduino PG, Scully C, Chiusa L, Broccoletti R. Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in a patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Case Rep Dent. 2015;2015:831418.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/831418
PMid:25973278 PMCid:PMC4417975

 

50. Bhatt G, Bhatt A, Dragun AE, Li XF, Civelek AC. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw mimicking bone metastasis. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2014;2014:281812.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/281812
PMid:24716042 PMCid:PMC3970248

 

51. Pancholi M, Edwards A, Langton S. Bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaw mimicking a tumour. Br Dent J. 2007;203:87-9.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.634
PMid:17660778

 

52. Tocaciu S, Breik O, Lim B, Angel C, Rutherford N. Diagnostic dilemma between medication-related osteonecrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma in a mandibular lytic lesion. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;55:e53-e57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.08.005
PMid:28851496