Machado R, Nantes B, Guimarães DA, Reinke SMG, Back EDEE, Comparin D, Ignácio SA, Vansan LP. Influence of concentration, irrigation method, and root canal third on intratubular penetration of sodium hypochlorite – a broad statistical analysis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023;15(11):e882-94.

doi:10.4317/jced.60955

________

References

1. Gulabivala K, Ng YL. Factors that affect the outcomes of root canal treatment and retreatment-A reframing of the principles. Int Endod. J. 2023;56:82-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13897 PMid:36710532

2. Estrela C, Bueno MR, Leles CR, Azevedo B, Azevedo JR. Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic and periapical radiography for detection of apical periodontitis. J Endod. 2008;34:273-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.11.023 PMid:18291274

3. Burklein S, Arias A. Effectiveness of root canal instrumentation for the treatment of apical periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2022;56:395-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13782 PMid:35670625

4. Boutsioukis C, Arias-Moliz MT. Present status and future directions - irrigants and irrigation methods. Int Endod. J. 2022;55:588-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13739 PMid:35338652 PMCid:PMC9321999

5. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18:269-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(22)00677-2 PMid:4522570

6. Sun Q, Duan M, Fan W, Fan B. Ca-Si mesoporous nanoparticles with the optimal Ag-Zn ratio inhibit the Enterococcus faecalis infection of teeth through dentinal tubule infiltration: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Mater Chem B. 2021;9:2200-11. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB02704A PMid:33447835

7. Ozses Ozkaya B, Gulsahi K, Ungor M, Gocmen JS. A Comparison of Er:YAG Laser with Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming, Nd:YAG Laser, and Conventional Irrigation on the Eradication of Root Dentinal Tubule Infection by Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Scanning. 2017;2017:6215482. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6215482 PMid:29279728 PMCid:PMC5723936

8. Vieira AR, Siqueira JF, Jr., Ricucci D, Lopes WS. Dentinal tubule infection as the cause of recurrent disease and late endodontic treatment failure: a case report. J Endod. 2012;38:250-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.019 PMid:22244647

9. Ando N, Hoshino E. Predominant obligate anaerobes invading the deep layers of root canal dentin. Int Endod. J. 1990;23:20-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00798.x PMid:2391177

10. Zou L, Shen Y, Li W, Haapasalo M. Penetration of sodium hypochlorite into dentin. J Endod. 2010;36:793-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.005 PMid:20416421

11. Iandolo A, Abdellatif D, Amato M, Pantaleo G, Blasi A, Franco V, et al. Dentinal tubule penetration and root canal cleanliness following ultrasonic activation of intracanal-heated sodium hypochlorite. Aust Endod J. 2020;46:204-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/aej.12393 PMid:31846169

12. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33:81-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.10.008 PMid:17258622

13. Pecora JD, Costa WF, Campos GM, Roselino RB. Presentation of a histochemical method for the study of root dentin permeability. Rev Odontol Univ Sao Paulo. 1987;1:3-9. PMid:3507995

14. Feigl F. Spot test in inorganic analysis. Amsterdan: Sevier; 1958.

15. Generali L, Campolongo E, Consolo U, Bertoldi C, Giardino L, Cavani F. Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation. Odontology. 2018;106:454-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0355-4 PMid:29594826

16. Giardino L, Cavani F, Generali L. Sodium hypochlorite solution penetration into human dentine: a histochemical evaluation. Int Endod J. 2017;50:492-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12641 PMid:27009869

17. Virdee SS, Farnell DJJ, Silva MA, Camilleri J, Cooper PR, Tomson PL. The influence of irrigant activation, concentration and contact time on sodium hypochlorite penetration into root dentine: an ex vivo experiment. Int Endod J. 2020;53:986-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13290 PMid:32163598

18. Machado R, Garcia L, da Silva Neto UX, Cruz Filho AMD, Silva RG, Vansan LP. Evaluation of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid in smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81:275-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22976 PMid:29205666

19. Mohamed R, Majid S, Faiza A. Root Microcracks Formation during Root Canal Instrumentation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021;22:259-63. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3055 PMid:34210925

20. Machado R., Pamplona GF, de Souza Júnior C, Nascimento J, Back EDEE, Comparin D. et al. Clinical determination of anatomical diameter in different dental groups correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis: an observational clinical study. Sci Rep. 2023;13:16215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41967-9 PMid:37758735 PMCid:PMC10533535

21. Sullivan LM. Essentials of biostatistics in public health. Fourth edition. ed. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2023.

22. Ordinola-Zapata R, Noblett WC, Perez-Ron A, Ye Z, Vera J. Present status and future directions of intracanal medicaments. Int Endod J. 2022;55:613-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13731 PMid:35322427 PMCid:PMC9321724

23. Garcia-Guerrero C, Delgado-Rodriguez CE, Molano-Gonzalez N, Pineda-Velandia GA, Marin-Zuluaga DJ, Leal-Fernandez MC, et al. Predicting the outcome of initial non-surgical endodontic procedures by periapical status and quality of root canal filling: a cohort study. Odontology. 2020;108:697-703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00494-z PMid:32078100

24. de Gregorio C, Estevez R, Cisneros R, Paranjpe A, Cohenca N. Efficacy of different irrigation and activation systems on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into simulated lateral canals and up to working length: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2010;36:1216-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.019 PMid:20630302

25. Rajakumaran A, Ganesh A. Comparative Evaluation of Depth of Penetration of Root Canal Irrigant After Using Manual, Passive Ultrasonic, and Diode Laser-Assisted Irrigant Activation Technique. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019;11:S216-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_300_18 PMid:31198340 PMCid:PMC6555378

26. Faria G, Viola KS, Coaguila-Llerena H, Oliveira LRA, Leonardo RT, Aranda-Garcia AJ, et al. Penetration of sodium hypochlorite into root canal dentine: effect of surfactants, gel form and passive ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J. 2019;52:385-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13015 PMid:30220093

27. Palazzi F, Sadile G, Mohammadi Z, Del Fabbro M, Riccitiello F. Penetration of hypochlorites with lowered surface tension into dentine tubules. Minerva Stomatol. 2016;65:368-77. PMid:27416154

28. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN, Favieri A, Lima KC. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000;26:331-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200006000-00006 PMid:11199749

29. Munoz HR, Camacho-Cuadra K. In vivo efficacy of three different endodontic irrigation systems for irrigant delivery to working length of mesial canals of mandibular molars. J Endod. 2012;38:445-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.007 PMid:22414827

30. Pashley DH. Dentin: a dynamic substrate--a review. Scanning Microsc. 1989;3:161-74. PMid:2662395

31. Llena C, Forner L, Cambralla R, Lozano A. Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40:143-8. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.143 PMid:25984476 PMCid:PMC4432257

32. Mozo S, Llena C, Chieffi N, Forner L, Ferrari M. Effectiveness of passive ultrasonic irrigation in improving elimination of smear layer and opening dentinal tubules. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6:e47-52. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.51297 PMid:24596635 PMCid:PMC3935905

33. Salas H, Castrejon A, Fuentes D, Luque A, Luque E. Evaluation of the penetration of CHX 2% on dentinal tubules using Conventional Irrigation, Sonic Irrigation (EDDY) and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) techniques: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13:e37-42. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.57065 PMid:33425229 PMCid:PMC7781212

34. Cameron JA. The effect of ultrasonic endodontics on the temperature of the root canal wall. J Endod. 1988;14:554-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(88)80090-6 PMid:3249194