Alió-Sanz J J,
Iglesias-Conde C, Lorenzo-Pernía J, Iglesias-Linares
A, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Solano-Reina E. Cranial base and maxillary changes in patients treated with frankel’s
functional regulator (1b). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Jul 1;17 (4):e689-96.
doi:10.4317/medoral.17631
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.17631
1. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Moray
LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United
States: estimates from the NHANES-III survey. Int J
Adult Orthod Orthognath
Surg. 1998;13:97-106.
PMid:9743642
2. Willems G, De Bruyne I, Verdonck A, Fieuws S, Carels C. Prevalence of dentofacial
characteristics in a belgian orthodontic population. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5:220-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007840100128
3. Freeman DC, McNamara JA Jr,
Baccetti T, Franchi L, Fränkel C. Long-term treatment effects of the FR-2
appliance of Fränkel. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:570-1.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.02.004
PMid:19409337
4. Kurosawa M, Ando K, Goto S. Class II Division 1
malocclusion with a high mandibular plane angle
corrected with 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop.
2009;135:241-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.09.059
PMid:19201332
5. Frankel R. The theoretical concept underlying the
treatment with function correctors. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1966;42:233-54.
PMid:5233245
6. McNamara JA Jr. JCO interviews Dr. James A, McNamara Jr. On
the Frankel appliance. Part 1-Biological basis and appliance design. J Clin Orthod.
1982;16:320-37.
PMid:6957418
7. Fränkel R. The treatment of
Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with functional correctors. Am J Orthod. 1969;55:265-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(69)90106-7
8. Rushforth CD, Gordon PH, Aird JC. Skeletal and dental changes
following the use of the Frankel functional regulator. Br J Orthod. 1999;26:127-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ortho/26.2.127
9. Ghafari J, Shofer FS, Jacobsson-Hunt U,
Markowitz DL, Laster LL. Headgear versus function regulator
in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized
clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:51-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70276-8
10. Rodrigues de Almeida M, Castanha Henriques JF, Rodrigues de Almeida R, Ursi W.
Treatment effects produced by Fränkel appliance in
patients with class II, division 1 malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:418-25.
PMid:12401050
11. McNamara JA Jr, Bookstein FL, Shaughnessy TG.
Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II
patients. Am J Orthod. 1985;88:91-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90233-7
12. Björk A. Sutural growth of the upper face
studied by the implant method. Acta Odontol Scand. 1966;24:109-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016356609026122
13.Björk A, Skieller V. Growth of the maxilla in
three dimensions as revealed radiographically by the
implant method. Br J Orthod. 1977;4:53-64.
PMid:273440
14. Owen AH 3rd. Morphologic changes in the sagittal
dimension using the Fränkel appliance. Am J Orthod. 1981;80:573-603.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(81)90263-3
15. Janson GR, Toruño JL, Martins DR, Henriques
JF, de Freitas MR. Class II treatment effects of the Fränkel appliance. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25:301-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.3.301
16. Nielsen IL. Facial growth during
treatment with the function regulator appliance. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:401-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90161-1
17. Remmer KR, Mamandras AH, Hunter WS, Way DC.
Cephalometric changes associated with treatment using
the activator, the Fränkel appliance, and the fixed
appliance. Am J Orthod. 1985;88:363-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90063-6
18. Gianelly AA, Arena SA, Bernstein L. A comparison of Class II
treatment changes noted with the light wire, edgewise, and Fränkel
appliances. Am J Orthod.
1984;86:269-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90137-4
19. Falck F, Fränkel R. Clinical relevance of step-by-step mandibular advancement in the treatment of mandibular retrusion using the Fränkel appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96:333-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90353-3
20. Fränkel R. Concerning recent articles on Fränkel
appliance therapy. Am J Orthod.
1984;85:441-7.
PMid:6586085
21. McNamara JA Jr, Howe RP, Dischinger
TG. A comparison of the Herbst and Fränkel appliances in the treatment of Class II
malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98:134-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70007-Y
22. Righellis EG. Treatment effects of Fränkel,
activator and extraoral traction appliances. Angle Orthod. 1983;53:107-21.
PMid:6576650
23. Mills JR. The effect of functional appliances on the
skeletal pattern. Br J Orthod.
1991;18:267-75.
PMid:1838280
24. Kerr WJ, TenHave TR, McNamara JA Jr. A comparison of skeletal and dental changes produced by function
regulators (FR-2 and FR-3). Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:235-42.
PMid:2792213
25. Alió JJ, Lorenzo J, Iglesias C. Cranial base
growth in patients with Down syndrome: a longitudinal study. Am
J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:729-37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.03.036
PMid:18456147
26. Bjork
A. Facial growth in man; x-ray studies with implanted metal indicators. Tandlaegebladet.
1955;59:55-66.
PMid:14373498
27. Courtney M, Harkness M, Herbison
P. Maxillary and cranial base changes during treatment with functional
appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:616-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70073-2
28. Hamilton SD, Sinclair PM, Hamilton
RH. A cephalometric, tomographic, and dental cast evaluation of Fränkel therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92:427-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90264-2
29. Chadwick SM, Aird
JC, Taylor PJ, Bearn DR. Functional regulator treatment of Class II division 1
malocclusions. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:495-505.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/23.5.495
30. Toth LR, McNamara JA
Jr. Treatment effects produced by the twin-block appliance
and the FR-2 appliance of Fränkel compared with an
untreated Class II sample. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop.
1999;116:597-609.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(99)70193-9