Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo
M Á, Machuca-Portillo G, Corcuera-Flores
J R, Machuca-Portillo C, Castillo-Oyagüe
R, Gutiérrez-Pérez J L. Cardiovascular effect of
dental anesthesia with articaine (40 mg with epinefrine
0,5 mg % and 40 mg with epinefrine 1 mg%) versus mepivacaine (30mg and 20 mg with epinefrine
1 mg%) in medically compromised cardiac patients: A cross-over, randomized,
single blinded study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Jul 1;17 (4):e655-60.
doi:10.4317/medoral.17892
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.17892
1. Moore PA, Boynes SG, Hersh EV, DeRossi SS, Sollecito TP, Goodson JM, et al. The anesthetic efficacy of
4 percent articaine 1:200,000 epinephrine: two
controlled clinical trials. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:1572-81.
PMid:17082284
2. Middlehurst R, Coulthard
P. The effect of midazolam sedation
on indicators for myocardial ischemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88:400-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70052-1
3. Jastak JT, Yagiela JA. Vasoconstrictors and local anesthesia: a review
and rationale for use. J Am Dent Assoc.1983;107:623-30.
PMid:6355236
4. Moore PA, Doll B, Delie RA, Hersh
EV, Korostoff J, Johnson S, et al. Hemostatic and anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine HCl with 1:200,000
epinephrine and 4% articaine HCl
with 1:100,000 epinephrine when administered intraorally
for periodontal surgery. J Periodontol.
2007;78:247-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060314
PMid:17274713
5. Cheraskin E, Prasertsuntarasai
T. Use of epinephrine with local anesthesia in hypertensive patients. IV.
Effect of tooth extraction on blood pressure and pulse rate. J Am Dent Assoc.
1959;58:61-8.
6. Goldstein DS, Dionne R, Sweet J, Gracely R, Brewer
HB Jr, Gregg R, et al. Circulatory, plasma
catecholamine, cortisol, lipid, and psychological
responses to a real-life stress (third molar extractions): effects of diazepam
sedation and of inclusion of epinephrine with the local anesthetic. Psychosom Med. 1982;44:259-72.
PMid:7134364
7. Mochizuki M, Yokota S, Murata Y, Watanabe H, Nishibori
M, Suzuki N, et al. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure during dental
procedures with local anesthesia. Anesth Prog. 1989;36:234-5.
PMid:2490047 PMCid:2190663
8. Hughes CL, Leach JK, Allen RE, Lambson GO. Cardiac arrhythmias during oral surgery with local anesthesia.
J Am Dent Assoc. 1966;73:1095-102.
PMid:5222590
9. Ryder W. The electrocardiogram in
dental anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1970;25:46-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1970.tb00158.x
PMid:5413230
10. Hasse AL, Heng MK,
Garrett NR. Blood pressure and electrocardiographic response
to dental treatment with use of local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986;113:639-42.
PMid:2945853
11. Vanderheyden PJ, Williams RA, Sims TN. Assessment
of ST segment depression in patients with cardiac disease after local
anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989;119:407-12.
PMid:2527898
12. Edmondson HD, Roscoe B, Vickers MD. Biochemical evidence
of anxiety in dental patients. Br Med J. 1972;4:7-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.4.5831.7
PMid:5078436 PMCid:1786121
13. Meechan JG, Rawlins MD. The
effect of adrenaline in lignocaine anaesthetic solutions on plasma potassium in healthy
volunteers. Eur J Clin
Pharmacol. 1987;32:81-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609962
PMid:3582472
14. Kubota Y, Toyoda Y, Kubota H, Asada A. Epinephrine in local anesthetics does
indeed produce hypokalemia and ECG changes. Anesth Analg.
1993;77:867-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199310000-00045
15. Cruz-Pamplona M, Jimenez-Soriano Y, Sarrión-Pérez MG. Dental considerations in
patients with heart disease. J Clin
Exp Dent. 2011;3:e97-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.3.e97
16. Heller PH, Perry F, Naifeh
K, Gordon NC, Wachter-Shikura N, Levine J.
Cardiovascular autonomic response during preoperative stress and postoperative
pain. Pain. 1984;18:33-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(84)90124-6
17. Niwa H, Sugimura M, Satoh
Y, Tanimoto A. Cardiovascular response to
epinephrine-containing local anesthesia in patients with cardiovascular
disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:610-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/moe.2001.118903
PMid:11740477
18. Cioffi
GA, Chernow B, Glahn RP, Terezhalmy GT, Lake CR. The
hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to routine restorative dental
care. J Am Dent Assoc. 1985;111:67-70.
PMid:3861687
19. Bader JD, Bonito AJ, Shugars
DA. A systematic review of cardiovascular effects of
epinephrine on hypertensive dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;93:647-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/moe.2002.123866
PMid:12142870
20. Middlehurst RJ, Gibbs A, Walton G. Cardiovascular
risk: the safety of local anesthesia, vasoconstrictors, and sedation in heart
disease. Anesth Prog. 1999;46:118-23.
PMid:11692352 PMCid:2149004
21. Knoll-Kohler E, Knoller M, Brandt K, Becker J. Cardiohemodynamic and serum catecholamine response to
surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars
under local anesthesia: a randomized double-blind parallel group and crossover
study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49:957-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90059-U
22. Hersh EV, Giannakopoulos H,
Levin LM, Secreto S, Moore PA, Peterson C, et al. The
pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of high-dose articaine
with 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:1562-71.
PMid:17082283
23. Gortzak RA, Oosting J,
Abraham-Inpijn L. Blood pressure response to routine
restorative dental treatment with and without local anesthesia. Continuous noninvasive blood pressure registration with a finger
manometer. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol. 1992;73:677-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90008-E
24. Wong M, Lytle WR. A comparison of anxiety levels
associated with root canal therapy and oral surgery treatment. J Endod. 1991;17:461-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(07)80138-5
25. Howitt JW, Stricker G. Sequential changes in response to dental
procedures. J Dent Res. 1970;49:1074-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345700490051201
PMid:4917361
26. Major E, Winder M, Brook AH, Berman DS. An evaluation of nitrous oxide in
the dental treatment of anxious children: a physiological and clinical study.
Br Dent J. 1981;151:186-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4804653
PMid:6944078
27. Rapp GW. Some physiologic responses to high-speed handpiece noises. Dent Dig. 1971;77:136-40.
PMid:4926753
28. Conrado VC, de Andrade J, de Angelis GA, de
Andrade AC, Timerman L, Andrade MM, et al. Cardiovascular effects of local anesthesia with
vasoconstrictor during dental extraction in coronary patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88:507-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000500002
PMid:17589623
29. Elad S, Admon D, Kedmi M, Naveh E, Benzki E, Ayalon S, et al. The cardiovascular effect of local
anesthesia with articaine plus 1:200,000 adrenalin
versus lidocaine plus 1:100,000
adrenalin in medically compromised cardiac patients: a prospective,
randomized, double blinded study. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol
Endod. 2008;105:725-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.02.005
PMid:18485309
30. Matthews RW, Malkawi Z,
Griffiths MJ, Scully C. Pulse oximetry during minor
oral surgery with and without intravenous sedation. Oral
Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.
1992;74:537-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90339-R
31. Neves RS, Neves IL, Giorgi DM, Grupi CJ, César LA, Hueb W, et
al. Effects of epinephrine in local dental anesthesia in patients with coronary
artery disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88:545-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000500008
PMid:17589629