Migueláñez-Medrán BC, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Cebrián-Carretero JL, Martínez-García MA, López-Sánchez AF. Oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue: Histological risk assessment. A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019 Sep 1;24 (5):e603-9.   

 

doi:10.4317/medoral.23011

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.23011

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

References

1. Slam P, Gale N, Hunter K, Lingen M, Nylander K et al. Malignant surface epithelial tumours. In: El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootwe PJ. WHO classification of Head and Neck Tumours. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2017. p 109-11.

 

2. Tsantoulis PK, Kastrinakis NG, Tourvas AD, Laskaris G, Gorgoulis VG. Advances in the biology of oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2007;43:523-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.010
PMid:17258495

 

3. de Camargo Cancela M, Volti L, Guerra-Yi M, Chapuis F, Mazuir M, Curado MP. Oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries: population based incidence. Head Neck. 2010;32:357-67.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.21193
PMid:19644932

 

4. Bello IO, Soini Y, Salo T. Prognostic evaluation of oral tongue cancer: Means, markers, and perspectives (I). Oral Oncol. 2010;46:630-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.06.006
PMid:20637681

 

5. Sasaki T, Moles DR, Imai Y, Speight PM. Clinico-pathological features of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in patients < 40 years of age. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34:129-33
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00291.x
PMid:15689225

 

6. Llewellyn CD, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA. Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years old and younger: a case-control study in Southern England. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33:525-32.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00222.x
PMid:15357672

 

7. Acharya S, Tayaar AS. Analysis of clinical and histopahological profiles of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young Indian adults: A retrospective study. J Dent Sci. 2012;7:224-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2012.05.005

 

8. Ribeiro AC, Silva AR, Simonato LE, Salzedas LM, Sundefeld ML, Soubhia AM. Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young people: a descriptive study in Brazilians. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47:95-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.05.004
PMid:18586366

 

9. Scully C, Bagan J. Oral squamous carcinoma overview. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:301-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.01.004
PMid:19249237

 

10. Llewellyn CD, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA. Risks factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young people- a comprehensive literature review. Oral Oncol. 2001;37:401-18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(00)00135-4

 

11. Mayne ST, Morse DE, Winn DM. Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006.p.674-96.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149616.003.0035

 

12. Chitapanarux I, Lorvidhaya V, Sittitrai P, Pattarasakulchai T, Tharavichitkul E, Sriuthaisiriwong P et al. Oral cavity cancers at a young age: analysis of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics in Chiang Mai University Hospital. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:82-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.06.015
PMid:16249113

 

13. Warnakulasuriya S, Sutherland G, Scully C. Tobacco, oral cancer, and treatment of dependence. Oral Oncol. 2005;41:244-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.08.010
PMid:15743687

 

14. Ogden GR. Alcohol and oral cancer. Alcohol. 2005;35:169-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.04.002
PMid:16054978

 

15. Nair U, Bartsch H, Nair J. Alert for an epidemic of oral cancer due to use of the betel quid substitutes gutkha and pan masala: a review of agents and causative mechanisms. Mutagenesis. 2004;19:251-62.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geh036
PMid:15215323

 

16. Gupta PC, Ray CS. Smokeless tobacco and health in India and South Asia. Respirology. 2003;8:419-31.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00507.x

 

17. Bagan JV, Scully C. Recent advances in oral oncology 2007

 

epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostication. Oral Oncol 2008;44:103-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.01.008
PMid:18252251

 

18. Uobe K, Masuno K, Fang YR, Li LJ, Wen YM, Ueda Y, et al. Detection of HPV in Japanese and Chinese oral carcinomas by in situ PCR. Oral Oncol. 2001;37:146-52.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(00)00075-0

 

19. Gospodarowicz MK, Brierley JD, Whittekind C, eds. International Union Against Cancer (UICC). TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th ed. New York; 2017.

 

20. Shah JP, Gil Z. Current concepts in management of oral cancer-surgery. Oral Oncol 2009;45(4):394-401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.05.017
PMid:18674952 PMCid:PMC4130348

 

21. Omura K. Current status of oral cancer treatment strategies: surgical treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19:423-30.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-014-0689-z
PMid:24682763

 

22. Brandwein-Gensler M, Teixeira MS, Lewis CM, Lee B, Rolnitzky L, Hille JJ, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: histologic risk assessment, but not margin status, is strongly predictive of local disease-free and overall survival. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:167-78.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000149687.90710.21
PMid:15644773

 

23. Brandwein-Gensler M, Smith RV, Wang B, Penner C, Theilken A, Broughel D, et al. Validation of the histologic risk model in a new cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:676-88.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d95c37
PMid:20414102

 

24. El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootwe PJ. WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2017.

 

25. Anneroth G, Batsakis J, Luna M. Review of the literature and a recommended system of malignancy grading in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Eur J Oral Sci. 1987;95:229-49.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1987.tb01836.x

 

26. Johnson NW, Jayasekara P, Amarasinghe AA. Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the oral cavity: Epidemiology and aetiology. Periodontol 2000. 2011;57:19-37.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00401.x
PMid:21781177

 

27. Zhang T, Lubek JE, Salama A, Dyalram D, Liu X, Ord RA. Treatment of cT1N0M0 tongue cancer: outcome and prognostic parameters. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:406-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2013.05.028
PMid:24045188

 

28. Garavello W, Spreafico R, Somigliana E, Gaini L, Pignataro L, Gaini RM. Prognostic influence of gender in patients with oral tongue cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;138:768-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.02.026
PMid:18503852

 

29. Amaral TMP, da Silva Freire AR, Carvalho AL, Pinto CAL, Kowalski LP. Predictive factors of occult metastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Oral Oncol. 2004;40:780-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.10.009
PMid:15288831

 

30. Lindenblatt RC, Martinez GL, Silva LE, Faria PS, Camisasca DR, Lourenço SQ. Oral squamous cell carcinoma grading systems-analysis of the best survival predictor. J Oral Pathol Med. 2012;41:34-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01068.x
PMid:21902722

 

31. Almangush A, Coletta RD, Bello IO, Bitu C, Keski-Säntti H, Mäkinen LK, et al. A simple novel prognostic model for early stage oral tongue cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:143-150.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2014.10.004
PMid:25457829

 

32. Jakobsson PÅ, Eneroth CM, Killander D, Moberger G, Mårtensson B. Histologic classification and grading of malignancy in carcinoma of the larynx. Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol. 1973;12:1-8.
https://doi.org/10.3109/02841867309131085

 

33. Woolgar JA. Histopatological prognosticators in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:229-39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.05.008
PMid:16150633

 

34. Spiro RH, Guillamondegui O, Paulino AF, Huvos AG. Pattern of invasion and margin assessment in patients with oral tongue cancer. Head Neck. 1999;21:408-13.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199908)21:5<408::AID-HED5>3.0.CO;2-E

 

35. Odell EW, Jani P, Sherriff M, Ahluwalia SM, Hibbert J, Levison DA, et al. The prognostic value of individual histologic grading parameters in small lingual squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer. 1994;74:789-94.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19940801)74:3<789::AID-CNCR2820740302>3.0.CO;2-A

 

36. Woolgar JA, Scott J. Prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue/floor of mouth. Head Neck. 1995;17:463-72.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.2880170603

 

37. Weijers M, Snow GB, Dick Bezemer P, Van Der Waal I. Malignancy grading is no better than conventional histopathological grading in small squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and floor of mouth: retrospective study in 128 patients. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38:343-7.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00751.x
PMid:19222711

 

38. Sawair FA, Irwin CR, Gordon DJ, Leonard AG, Stephenson M, Napier SS. Invasive front grading: reliability and usefulness in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00060.x
PMid:12558952

 

39. Li Y, Bai S, Carroll W, Dayan D, Dort JC, Heller K, et al. Validation of the risk model: high-risk classification and tumor pattern of invasion predict outcome for patients with low-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2013;7:211-23.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-012-0412-1
PMid:23250819 PMCid:PMC3738758

 

40. Maleki S, Schlecht NF, Keller C, Diaz J, Moss J, Prystowsky MB, et al. Lymphocytic host response to oral squamous cell carcinoma: an adaptive T-cell response at the tumor interface. Head Neck Pathol. 2011;5:117-22.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-011-0247-1
PMid:21318408 PMCid:PMC3098335

 

41. Chatzistefanou I, Lubek J, Markou K, Ord RA. The role of neck dissection and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in cN0 patients with PNI-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Oral Oncol. 2014;50:753-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.05.005
PMid:24909939

 

42. Woolgar JA. Histological distribution of cervical lymph node metastases from intraoral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. British J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1999;37:175-80
https://doi.org/10.1054/bjom.1999.0036
PMid:10454023

 

43. Sutton DN, Brown JS, Rogers SN, Vaughan ED, Woolgar JA. The prognostic implications of the surgical margin in oral squamous cell carcinoma. International J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;32:30-34.
https://doi.org/10.1054/ijom.2002.0313
PMid:12653229

 

44. Bundgaard T, Rossen K, Henriksen SD, Charabi S, Søgaard H, Grau C. Histopathologic parameters in the evaluation of T1 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Head Neck. 2002;24:656-60.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.10120
PMid:12112539

 

45. Almangush A, Bello IO, Keski-Säntti H, Mäkinen LK, Kauppila JH, Pukkila M, et al. Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of invasion: Prognostic indicators in earlystage oral tongue cancer. Head Neck. 2014;36:811-8.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23380
PMid:23696499 PMCid:PMC4229066

 

46. O-charoenrat P, Pillai G, Patel S, Fisher C, Archer D, Eccles S, et al. Tumour thickness predicts cervical nodal metastases and survival in early oral tongue cancer. Oral Oncol. 2003;39:386-90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(02)00142-2

 

47. Rusthoven K, Ballonoff A, Raben D, Chen C. Poor prognosis in patients with stage I and II oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2008;112:345-51.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23183
PMid:18041071

 

48. Kademani D, Bell RB, Bagheri S, Holmgren E, Dierks E, Potter B, et al. Prognostic factors in intraoral squamous cell carcinoma: the influence of histologic grade. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63:1599-1605.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2005.07.011
PMid:16243176