1. Izumo T. Oral premalignant lesions: from the pathological viewpoint. Int J Clin Oncol. 2011;16:15-26.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-010-0169-z

PMid:21234636 

2. Sieviläinen M, Passador-Santos F, Almahmoudi R, Christopher S, Siponen M, Toppila-Salmi S, et al. Immune checkpoints indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 and programmed death‐ligand 1 in oral mucosal dysplasia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2018;47:773-80.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12737

PMid:29851145 

3. Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;125:612-27.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2017.12.011

PMid:29396319 

4. Shariff JA, Zavras AI. Malignant transformation rate in patients presenting oral epithelial dysplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Dis. 2015;2015:854636.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/854636

5. de Freitas Silva BS, Yamamoto-Silva FP, Pontes HA, Pinto Júnior Ddos S. E-cadherin downregulation and Twist overexpression since early stages of oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2014;43:125-31.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12096

PMid:23772858 

6. Coletta RD, Salo T. Myofibroblasts in oral potentially malignant disorders: Is it related to malignant transformation? Oral Dis. 2018;24:84-8.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12694

PMid:29480603 

7. Fuchs BC, Fujii T, Dorfman JD, Goodwin JM, Zhu AX, Lanuti M, et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin-linked kinase mediate sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Res. 2008;68:2391-99.

https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2460

PMid:18381447 

8. Zeisberg M, Neilson EG. Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1429-37.

https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI36183

PMid:19487819 PMCid:PMC2689132

9. Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang P. Smoking and gender modify the effect of TWIST on patient survival in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8:85816-27.

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20682

PMid:29156759 PMCid:PMC5689649

10. de Morais EF, Santos HBP, Cavalcante IL, Rabenhorst SHB, Dos Santos JN, Galvão HC, et al. Twist and E-cadherin deregulation might predict poor prognosis in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019;127:318-29.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2018.11.003

PMid:30598410 

11. Abdalla Z, Walsh T, Thakker N, Ward CM. Loss of epithelial markers is an early event in oral dysplasia and is observed within the safety margin of dysplastic and T1 OSCC biopsies. PLoS One,.2017;12:e0187449.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187449

PMid:29216196 PMCid:PMC5720771

12. Lopes NM, Xavier FCA, Ortiz RC, Amôr NG, Garlet GP, Lara VS, et al. Subcellular localization and expression of E-cadherin and SNAIL are relevant since early stages of oral carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract. 2018;214:1185-91.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.004

PMid:29970306 

13. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

PMid:19621072 PMCid:PMC2707599

14. Mallett S, Timmer A, Sauerbrei W, Altman DG. Reporting of prognostic studies of tumor markers: a review of published articles in relation to REMARK guidelines. Br J Cancer. 2010;102:173-80.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605462

PMid:19997101 PMCid:PMC2795163

15. Altman DG, McShane LM, Sauerbrei W, Taube SE. Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2012;9:e1001216.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001216

PMid:22675273 PMCid:PMC3362085

16. El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ. The fourth edition of the head and neck World Health Organization blue book: editors' perspectives. Hum Pathol. 2017;66:10-12.

PMid:28583885

17. The JBI. MAStARI: Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual 2014, Joanna Briggs Institute: University of Adelaide. 2014.

18. Ishida K, Ito S, Wada N, Deguchi H, Hata T, Hosoda M, et al. Nuclear localization of beta-catenin involved in precancerous change in oral leukoplakia. Mol cancer. 2007;6:62.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-6-62

PMid:17922924 PMCid:PMC2140063

19. Lo Muzio L, Lo Russo L, Falaschini S, Ciavarella D, Pentenero M, Arduino P, et al. β- and γ-catenin expression in oral dysplasia. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:501-4.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.06.004

PMid:18715817 

20. Carvalho MV, Pereira JS, Costa AL, de Souza LB, Freitas Rde A, Miguel MC. Alterations in the immunoexpression of claudin-1 between different grades of oral epithelial dysplasias. Arch Oral Biol. 2010;55:261-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.02.001

PMid:20188347 

21. Chaw SY, Abdul Majeed A, Dalley AJ, Chan A, Stein S, Farah CS. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers--E-cadherin, beta-catenin, APC and Vimentin--in oral squamous cell carcinogenesis and transformation. Oral Oncol. 2012;48:997-1006.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.011

PMid:22704062 

22. Inoue H, Miyazaki Y, Kikuchi K, Yoshida N, Ide F, Ohmori Y, et al. Podoplanin expression during dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the oral cavity. Tumour Biol. 2012;33:183-94.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-011-0261-7

PMid:22081310 

23. Silva BS, Yamamoto FP, Pontes FS, Cury SE, Fonseca FP, Pontes HÁ, et al. TWIST and p-Akt immunoexpression in normal oral epithelium, oral dysplasia and in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17:e29-34.

https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17344

PMid:21743395 PMCid:PMC3448197

24. Rani V, McCullough M, Chandu A. Assessment of laminin-5 in oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71:1873-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2013.04.032

PMid:23891017 

25. Anura A, Das RK, Pal M, Paul RR, Ray AK, Chatterjee J. Correlated analysis of semi-quantitative immunohistochemical features of E-cadherin, VEGF and CD105 in assessing malignant potentiality of oral submucous fibrosis. Pathol Res Pract. 2014;210:1054-63.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.009

PMid:25015036 

26. Kyrodimou M, Andreadis D, Drougou A, Amanatiadou EP, Angelis L, Barbatis C, et al. Desmoglein-3/γ-catenin and E-cadherin/ß-catenin differential expression in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig. 2014; 18:199-210.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-0937-z

PMid:23430339 

27. Von Zeidler SV, de Souza Botelho T, Mendonça EF, Batista AC. E-cadherin as a potential biomarker of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:972.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-972

PMid:25518919 PMCid:PMC4301860

28. Reyes M, Rojas-Alcayaga G, Maturana A, Aitken JP, Rojas C, Ortega AV. Increased nuclear β-catenin expression in oral potentially malignant lesions: A marker of epithelial dysplasia. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015;20:e540-6.

https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.20341

PMid:26241451 PMCid:PMC4598921

29. Silva BS, Castro CA, Von Zeidler SL, Sousa SC, Batista AC, Yamamoto-Silva FP. Altered β-catenin expression in oral mucosal dysplasia: a comparative study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2015;23:472-8.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720150150

PMid:26537717 PMCid:PMC4621939

30. Yagyuu T, Obayashi C, Ueyama Y, Takano M, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi M, et al. Multivariate analyses of Ki-67, cytokeratin 13 and cytokeratin 17 in diagnosis and prognosis of oral precancerous lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44:523-31.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12262

PMid:25243470 

31. Chandolia B, Rajliwal JP, Bajpai M, Arora M. Prognostic Potential of N-Cadherin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Immunohistochemical Methods. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2017;27:475-8.

PMid:28903838

32. Gupta A, Sharma S, Batra M, Abidullah M, Bhuvinder S, Katragadda P. Role of E-cadherin in Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018;19:1105-10.

https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2389

PMid:30287712 

33. Sharada P, Swaminathan U, Nagamalini BR, Kumar KV, Ashwini BK, Lavanya V. Coalition of E-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in predicting malignant transformation in common oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2018;22:40-7.

PMid:29731555

34. Barfi Qasrdashti A, Habashi MS, Arasteh P, Torabi Ardakani M, Abdoli Z, Eghbali SS. Malignant transformation in leukoplakia and its associated factors in southern Iran: A hospital based experience. Iran J Public Health. 2017;46:1110-7.

PMid:28894713

35. Luiz ST, Modolo F, Mozzer I, Dos Santos EC, Nagashima S, Camargo Martins AP, et al. Immunoexpression of SOX-2 in oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis. 2018;24:1449-57.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12922

PMid:29938872 

36. Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:178-96.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3758

PMid:24556840 PMCid:PMC4240281

37. Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhuo X, Liu Y, Zhang G, Tan Y. Over-expression of TWIST, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, predicts poor survival in patients with oral carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:9239-47.

PMid:26309581

38. Zang C, Liu X, Li B, He Y, Jing S, He Y, et al. IL-6/STAT3/TWIST inhibition reverses ionizing radiation-induced EMT and radioresistance in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8:11228-38.

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14495

PMid:28061440 PMCid:PMC5355260

39. Zhao Z, Ge J, Sun Y, Tian L, Lu J, Liu M, et al. Is E-cadherin immunoexpression a prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2012;48:761-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.02.024

PMid:22455948 

40. Pereira CH, Morais MO, Martins AF, Soares MQ, Alencar Rde C, Batista AC, et al. Expression of adhesion proteins (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and cell proliferation (Ki-67) at the invasive tumor front in conventional oral squamous cell and basaloid squamous cell carcinomas. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;61:8-15.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.003

PMid:26476747 

41. Zheng M, Jiang YP, Chen W, Li KD, Liu X, Gao SY, et al. Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6:6797-810.

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3180

PMid:25762643 

42. Wu J, Liao Q, Ele H, Zhong D, Yin K. TWIST interacts with β-catenin signaling on osteosarcoma cell survival against cisplatin. Mol Carcinog. 2014;53:440-6.

https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.21991

PMid:23280703 

43. Zhu GJ, Song PP, Zhou H, Xiao-Hui Shen, Jun-Guo Wang, Xiao-Feng Ma, et al. Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin and ZEB2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2018;15:3472-81.

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7751

PMid:29467869 PMCid:PMC5796309

44. Prgomet Z, Andersson T, Lindberg P. Higher expression of WNT5A protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with dysplasia and oral mucosa with a normal appearance. Eur J Oral Sci. 2017;125:237-46.

https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12352

PMid:28603941 PMCid:PMC5519933

45. Shiah SG, Shieh YS, Chang JY. The Role of Wnt Signaling in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dent Res. 2016;95:129-34.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515613507

PMid:26516128 

46. Dmello C, Sawant S, Chaudhari PR, Dongre H, Ahire C, D'Souza ZC, et al. Aberrant expression of vimentin predisposes oral premalignant lesion derived cells towards transformation. Exp Mol Pathol. 2018;105:243-51.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.08.010

PMid:30189187 

47. Mongroo PS, Rustgi AK. The role of the miR-200 family in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10:219-22.

https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.10.3.12548

PMid:20592490 

48. Arunkumar G, Deva Magendhra Rao AK, Manikandan M, Prasanna Srinivasa Rao H, Subbiah S, Ilangovan R, et al. Dysregulation of miR-200 family microRNAs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2017;15:649-57.

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7296

PMid:29375721 PMCid:PMC5766066