1. Mello FW, Miguel AFP, Dutra KL, Porporatti AL, Warnakulasuriya S, Guerra ENS, et al. Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2018;47:633-40

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12726

PMid:29738071 

2. Pindborg JJ, Zachariah J. Frequency of oral submucous fibrosis among 106 South Indians with oral cancer. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32:750-3.

PMid:5294188

3. Yang YH, Lee HY, Tung S, Shieh TY. Epidemiological survey of oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in aborigines of Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med. 2001;30:213-9.

https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300404.x

PMid:11302240 

4. Rao NR, Villa A, More CB, Jayasinghe RD, Kerr AR, Johnson NW. Oral submucous fibrosis: a contempo-rary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical manage-ment. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;49:3.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7

PMid:31915073 PMCid:PMC6951010

5. Hazarey VK, Erlewad DM, Mundhe K, Ughade SN. Oral submucous fibrosis: A study of 1000 cases from central India. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:12-7

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00485.x

PMid:17181736 

6. Trivedy CR, Craig G, Warnakulasuriya S. The oral health consequences of chewing areca nut. Addict Biol. 2002;7 Sup1:115-25

https://doi.org/10.1080/13556210120091482

PMid:11900631 

7. Secretan B, Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, et al; WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. A review of human carcinogens--Part E: tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:1033-4.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70326-2

PMid:19891056 

8. Kerr AR, Warnakulasuriya S, Mighell AJ, Dietrich T, Nasser M, Rimal J, et al. A systematic review of med-ical interventions for oral submucous fibrosis and future research opportunities. Oral Dis. 2011;17 Suppl 1:42-57.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01791.x

PMid:21382138 

9. Paymaster JC. Cancer of the buccal mucosa; a clinical study of 650 cases in Indian patients. Cancer. 1956;9:431-5.

https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(195605/06)9:3<431::AID-CNCR2820090302>3.0.CO;2-T

PMid:13329991 

10. Gupta PC, Mehta FS, Daftary DK, Pindborg JJ, Bhonsle RB, Jalnawalla PN, et al. Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers. Com-munity Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8:283-333.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01302.x

PMid:6937277 

11. Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:575-80.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x

PMid:17944749 

12. Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza I, Lorenzo Pouso AI, Aguirre Urízar JM, Barba Montero C, Blanco Carrión A, Gándara Vila P, et al. Malignant development of proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia: A critical sys-tematic review, meta-analysis and proposal of diagnostic criteria. J Oral Pathol Med. 2022;51:30-8.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13246

PMid:34558734 

13. Muller S, Tilakaratne WM. Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Tumours of the Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue. Head Neck Pathol. 2022;16:54-62.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-021-01402-9

PMid:35312982 PMCid:PMC9018914

14. Kujan O, Oliver RJ, Khattab A, Roberts SA, Thakker N, Sloan P. Evaluation of a new binary system of grading oral epithelial dysplasia for prediction of malignant transformation. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:987-93.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.014

PMid:16731030 

15. Zain RB, Ikeda N, Gupta PC, Warnakulasuriya S, van Wyk CW, Shrestha P, et al. Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25-27, 1996. J Oral Pathol Med. 1999;28:1-4.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01985.x

PMid:9890449 

16. Hansen LS, Olson JA, Silverman S. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty pa-tients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985;60:285-98.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(85)90313-5

PMid:3862042 

17. Pai PS, Vaidya AD, Prabhash K, Banavali SD. Oral metronomic scheduling of anticancer therapy-based treatment compared to existing standard of care in locally advanced oral squamous cell cancers: A matched-pair analysis. Indian J Cancer. 2013;50:135-41.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.117024

PMid:23979205 

18. Villa A, Menon RS, Kerr AR, De Abreu Alves F, Guollo A, Ojeda D, et al. Proliferative leukoplakia: Pro-posed new clinical diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis. 2018;24:749-60.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12830

PMid:29337414 

19. Bagan JV, Jimenez Y, Sanchis JM, Poveda R, Milian MA, Murillo J, et al. Proliferative verrucous leu-koplakia: high incidence of gingival squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:379-82.

https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00167.x

PMid:12846783 

20. Senevirathna K, Pradeep R, Jayasinghe YA, Jayawickrama SM, Illeperuma R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Carcinogenic effects of areca nut and its metabolites: A review of the experimental evidence. Clin Pract. 2023;13:326-46.

https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13020030

PMid:36961055 PMCid:PMC10037666

21. Rajalalitha P, Vali S. Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis-A collagen metabolic disorder. Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34:321-8.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00325.x

PMid:15946178 

22. Tilakaratne WM, Klinikowski MF, Saku T, Peters TJ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral submucous fibrosis: review on aetiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:561-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.08.005

PMid:16311067 

23. Moutasim KA, Jenei V, Sapienza K, Marsh D, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, et al. Betel-derived alkaloid up-regulates keratinocyte alphav beta6 integrin expression and promotes oral submucous fibrosis. J Pathol. 2011;223:366-77

https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2786

PMid:21171082 

24. Iocca O, Sollecito TP, Alawi F, Weinstein GS, Newman JG, De Virgilio A, et al. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of malignant transfor-mation rate by subtype. Head Neck. 2020;42:539-555.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26006

PMid:31803979 

25. Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Mello FW, Bagan JV, Warnakulasuriya S. Malignant transformation of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021;27:1896-907.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13831

PMid:34009718 

26. Kujan O, Mello FW, Warnakulasuriya S. Malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis: A systemat-ic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021;27:1936-46.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13727

PMid:33205543 

27. Warnakulasuriya S, Kerr AR. Oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the current management and possible directions for novel therapies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;122:232-41.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.02.020

PMid:27422422 

28. Simsek C, Esin E, Yalcin S. Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clini-cal Experience. J Oncol. 2019;2019:5483791.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5483791

PMid:31015835 PMCid:PMC6446118

29. Patil V, Noronha V, Dhumal SB, Joshi A, Menon N, Bhattacharjee A, et al. Low-cost oral metronomic chemotherapy versus intravenous cisplatin in patients with recurrent, metastatic, inoperable head and neck carci-noma: an open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e1213-22.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30275-8

PMid:32827483