Gokturk O, Yarkac FU, Avcioglu F. Sex steroid levels and stress-related markers in pregnant and non-pregnant women and the effect of periodontal therapy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2024 Jul 1;29 (4):e483-91.


doi:10.4317/medoral.26455

https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.26455


1. Gürsoy M, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T, Könönen E. Clinical changes in periodontium during pregnancy and postpartum. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:576-83.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01236.x

PMid:18430046 

2. Yokoyama M, Hinode D, Masuda K, Yoshioka M, Grenier D. Effect of female sex hormones on Campylobacter rectus and human gingival fibroblasts. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2005;20:239-43.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00222.x

PMid:15943769 

3. Gürsoy M, Gürsoy UK, Sorsa T, Pajukanta R, Könönen E. High salivary estrogen and risk of developing pregnancy gingivitis. J Periodontol. 2013;84:1281-9.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.120512

PMid:23237582 

4. Ahmed AE, Albalawi AN, Alshehri AA, AlBlaihed RM, Alsalamah MA. Stress and its predictors in pregnant women: a study in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2017;10:97-102.

https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S131474

PMid:28435340 PMCid:PMC5391829

5. Johannsen A, Rylander G, Söder B, Asberg M. Dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and elevated levels of interleukin6 and cortisol in gingival crevicular fluid from women with stressrelated depression and exhaustion. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1403-9.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050411

PMid:16937592 

6. Klages U, Weber AG, Wehrbein H. Approximal plaque and gingival sulcus bleeding in routine dental care patients: relations to life stress, somatization and depression. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:575-82.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00716.x

PMid:15882214 

7. Yarkac FU, Gokturk O, Demir O. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the degree of gingival inflammation and stress markers related to pregnancy. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:e20170630.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0630

PMid:30043934 PMCid:PMC6063465

8. Seraphim AP, Chiba FY, Pereira RF, Mattera MS, Moimaz SA, Sumida DH. Relationship among periodontal disease, insulin resistance, salivary cortisol, and stress levels during pregnancy. Braz Dent J. 2016;27:123-7.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600596

PMid:27058372 

9. Ishisaka A, Ansai T, Soh I, Inenaga K, Yoshida A, Shigeyama C, et al. Association of salivary levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone with periodontitis in older Japanese adults. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1767-73.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.070044

PMid:17760547 

10. Sanders VM, Straub RH. Norepinephrine, the β-adrenergic receptor, and immunity. Brain Behav Immun. 2002;16:290-332.

https://doi.org/10.1006/brbi.2001.0639

PMid:12096881 

11. Helle KB. Regulatory peptides from chromogranin A and secretogranin II: putative modulators of cells and tissues involved in inflammatory conditions. Regul Pept. 2010;165:45-51.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2009.09.009

PMid:19800929 

12. Papacosta E, Nassis GP. Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport. 2011;14:424-34.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.004

PMid:21474377 

13. Rohleder N, Nater UM. Determinants of salivary α-amylase in humans and methodological considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34:469-85.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.004

PMid:19155141 

14. Rai B, Kaur J, Anand SC, Jacobs R. Salivary stress markers, stress, and periodontitis: a pilot study. J Periodontol. 2011;82:287-92.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100319

PMid:20722529 

15. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S159-72.

https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0006

PMid:29926952 

16. Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38:610-6.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610

PMid:5237684 

17. Cakmak O, Alkan BA, Ozsoy S, Sen A, Abdulrezzak U. Association of gingival crevicular fluid cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone levels with periodontal status. J Periodontol. 2014;85:e287-94.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.130787

PMid:24669848 

18. Taani DQ, Habashneh R, Hammad MM, Batieha A. The periodontal status of pregnant women and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30:440-5.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01058.x

PMid:12631171 

19. Akalın FA, Baltacıoğlu E, Alver A, Karabulut E. Total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in pregnant women with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2009;80:457-67.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.080218

PMid:19254130 

20. Chambrone L, Guglielmetti MR, Pannuti CM, Chambrone LA. Evidence grade associating periodontitis to preterm birth and/or low birth weight: I. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:795-808.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01755.x

PMid:21707694 

21. Sánchez GA, Miozza V, Delgado A, Busch L. Determination of salivary levels of mucin and amylase in chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res. 2011;46:221-7.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01332.x

PMid:21143482 

22. Gallacher DV, Petersen OH. Stimulus-secretion coupling in mammalian salivary glands. Int Rev Physiol. 1983;28:1-52.

PMid:6307913

23. McCullough JEM, Liddle SD, Close C, Sinclair M, Hughes CM. Reflexology: a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects on beta-endorphin, cortisol and pregnancy related stress. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31:76-84.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.018

PMid:29705485 

24. LeResche L, Dworkin SF. The role of stress in inflammatory disease, including periodontal disease: review of concepts and current findings. Periodontol 2000. 2002;30:91-103.

https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.03009.x

PMid:12236899 

25. Decker A, Askar H, Tattan M, Taichman R, Wang HL. The assessment of stress, depression, and inflammation as a collective risk factor for periodontal diseases: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:1-12.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03089-3

PMid:31677052 PMCid:PMC6980776

26. Dolomatov SI, Zukow W, Atmazhov ID, Muszkieta R, Skaliy A. The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women. Indian J Hum Genet. 2012;18:305-9.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.107982

PMid:23716938 PMCid:PMC3656519

27. Golshiri P, Pourabdian S, Najimi A, Zadeh HM, Hasheminia J. Job stress and its relationship with the level of secretory IgA in saliva: a comparison between nurses working in emergency wards and hospital clerks. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62:S26-30.

PMid:22768453

28. Chen PJ, Yang L, Chou CC, Li CC, Chang YC, Liaw JJ. Effects of prenatal yoga on women's stress and immune function across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2017;31:109-17.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.003

PMid:28434463 

29. Zukowska-Grojec Z, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Rose W, Rone J, Movafagh S, Ji H, et al. Neuropeptide Y: a novel angiogenic factor from the sympathetic nerves and endothelium. Circ Res. 1998;83:187-95.

https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.83.2.187

PMid:9686758 

30. Haririan H, Andrukhov O, Böttcher M, Pablik E, Wimmer G, Moritz A, et al. Salivary neuropeptides, stress, and periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2018;89:9-18.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2017.170249

PMid:28914594