1. González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P. Oral lichen planus and related lesions. What should we accept based on the available evidence?. Oral Dis. 2023;29:2624-37.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14438

PMid:36371653 

2. González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, González-Ruiz I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Lenouvel D, et al. Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2020;27:813-28.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13323

PMid:32144836 

3. Sugerman PB, Savage NW, Walsh LJ, Zhao ZZ, Zhou XJ, Khan A, et al. The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13:350-65.

https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300405

PMid:12191961 

4. Vičić M, Hlača N, Kaštelan M, Brajac I, Sotošek V, Prpić Massari L. Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:3038.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24033038

PMid:36769361 PMCid:PMC9918135

5. Warnakulasuriya S, Kujan O, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Bagan JV, González-Moles MÁ, Kerr AR, et al. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer. Oral Dis. 2021;27:1862-80.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13704

PMid:33128420 

6. González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P. An Evidence-Based Update on the Potential for Malignancy of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16:608.

https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030608

PMid:38339358 PMCid:PMC10854587

7. González-Moles MÁ, Ruiz-Ávila I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Gil-Montoya JA, Ramos-García P. Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2019;96:121-30.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012

PMid:31422203 

8. González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P, Warnakulasuriya S. An appraisal of highest quality studies reporting malignant transformation of oral lichen planus based on a systematic review. Oral Dis. 2021;27:1908-18.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13741

PMid:33274561 

9. Iocca O, Sollecito TP, Alawi F, Weinstein GS, Newman JG, De Virgilio A, et al. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of malignant transformation rate by subtype. Head Neck. 2019;42:539-55.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26006

PMid:31803979 

10. Aghbari SMH, Abushouk AI, Attia A, Elmaraezy A, Menshawy A, Ahmed MS, et al. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A meta-analysis of 20095 patient data. Oral Oncol. 2017;68:92-102.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.012

PMid:28438300 

11. Giuliani M, Troiano G, Cordaro M, Corsalini M, Gioco G, Lo Muzio L, et al. Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Oral Dis. 2018;25:693-709.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12885

PMid:29738106 

12. Ramos‐García P, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions -3.0 evidence level-: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Oral Dis. 2021;27:1919-35.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13812

PMid:33616234 

13. Idrees M, Kujan O, Shearston K, Farah CS. Oral lichen planus has a very low malignant transformation rate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis using strict diagnostic and inclusion criteria. J Oral Pathol Med. 2020;50:287-98.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12996

PMid:31981238 

14. Fitzpatrick SG, Hirsch SA, Gordon SC. The malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014;145:45-56.

https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.2013.10

PMid:24379329 

15. González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, González-Ruiz I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Lenouvel D, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in patients with oral lichen planus: A systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2020;106:104688.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104688

PMid:32305649 

16. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Scully C, Gil-Montoya JA. Oral lichen planus: controversies surrounding malignant transformation. Oral Dis. 2008;14:229-43.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01441.x

PMid:18298420 

17. González-Moles MÁ, Keim-del Pino C, Ramos-García P. Hallmarks of Cancer Expression in Oral Lichen Planus: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:13099.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113099

PMid:36361889 PMCid:PMC9658487

18. Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140:883-99.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025

PMid:20303878 PMCid:PMC2866629

19. De Porras-Carrique T, Ramos-García P, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Warnakulasuriya S, González-Moles MÁ. Autoimmune disorders in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2022;29:1382-94.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14127

PMid:35000260 

20. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420:860-7.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01322

PMid:12490959 PMCid:PMC2803035

21. González-Moles MA, Rodríguez-Archilla A, Ruiz Avila I, Esteban F, González-Moles S, Bravo M. Presence of HPV 16 sequences in oral lichen planus lesions. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol. 1998;40:92-7.

PMid:9861768

22. Bascones C, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Esparza G, Bravo M, Acevedo A, Gil-Montoya JA, et al. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in oral lichen planus Hypothesis on their possible influence on its malignant transformation. Arch Oral Biol. 2005;50:873-81.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.02.005

PMid:16137496 

23. Bascones-Ilundain C, González-Moles MÁ, Campo-Trapero J, Gil-montoya JA, Esparza-Gómez GC, Cano-Sánchez J, et al. No differences in caspase-3 and Bax expression in atrophic-erosive vs. reticular oral lichen planus. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2008;22:204-12.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02387.x

PMid:18211414 

24. González-Moles MA, Bascones-Ilundain C, Gil Montoya JA, Ruiz-Avila I, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Bascones-Martínez A. Cell cycle regulating mechanisms in oral lichen planus: molecular bases in epithelium predisposed to malignant transformation. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51:1093-103.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.06.007

PMid:16914114 

25. Bascones-Ilundain C, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Esparza G, Gil-Montoya JA, Bascones-Martinez A. Significance of liquefaction degeneration in oral lichen planus: a study of its relationship with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest markers. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2007;32:556-63.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02457.x

PMid:17608758 

26. Bascones-Ilundain C, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Esparza-Gómez G, Gil-Montoya JA, Bascones-Martínez A. Importance of apoptotic mechanisms in inflammatory infiltrate of oral lichen planus lesions. Anticancer Res. 2006;26:357-62.

PMid:16475718

27. González Moles MA, Esteban F, Ruiz-Avila I, Gil Montoya JA, Brener S, Bascones-Martínez A, et al. A role for the substance P/NK-1 receptor complex in cell proliferation and apoptosis in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis. 2009;15:162-9.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01504.x

PMid:19036058 

28. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Gil-Montoya JA, Ruiz-Avila I, Esteban F, Bascones-Martinez A. Differences in the expression of p53 protein in oral lichen planus based on the use of monoclonal antibodies DO7 and pAb 240. Oral Oncol. 2008;44:496-503.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.06.013

PMid:17826304 

29. González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, López-Ansio M, Ramos-García P. Hallmarks of Cancer Applied to Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinogenesis: A Scoping Review of the Evidence Gaps Found in Published Systematic Reviews. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:3834.

https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153834

PMid:35954497 PMCid:PMC9367256

30. Montebugnoli L, Farnedi A, Marchetti C, Magrini E, Pession A, Foschini MPP. High proliferative activity and chromosomal instability in oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;35:1140-4.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2006.07.018

PMid:17095190 

31. Gonzalez-Moles MA, Scully C, Ruiz-Avila I. Molecular findings in oral premalignant fields: update on their diagnostic and clinical implications. Oral Dis. 2012;18:40-7.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01845.x

PMid:21851509 

32. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

PMid:33782057 PMCid:PMC8005924

33. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283:2008-12.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008

PMid:10789670 

34. Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series. 2008.1-649.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470712184

PMid:

35. Aromataris E, Munn Z. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI. 2020.

PMid:

36. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015: Elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;349:7647.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647

PMid:25555855 

37. Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. Int J Heal policy Manag. 2014;3:123-8.

https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2014.71

PMid:25197676 PMCid:PMC4154549

38. Agresti A, Coull BA. Approximate is Better than "Exact" for Interval Estimation of Binomial Proportions. Am Stat. 1998;52:119-26.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1998.10480550

PMid:

39. Freeman M, Tuckey J. Transformations Related to the Angular and the Square Root. Ann Math Stat. 1950;21:607-11.

https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729756

PMid:

40. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177-88.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2

PMid:3802833 

41. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1:97-111.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12

PMid:26061376 

42. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539-58.

https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186

PMid:12111919 

43. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557-60.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

PMid:12958120 PMCid:PMC192859

44. Borenstein M, Higgins JP. Meta-Analysis and Subgroups. Prev Sci. 2013;14:134-43.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0377-7

PMid:23479191 

45. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-34.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629

PMid:9310563 PMCid:PMC2127453

46. Squarzanti DF, Cena T, Sorrentino R, Migliario M, Chiocchetti A, Rimondini L, et al. Implications on pathogenesis and risk of oral lichen planus neoplastic transformation: An ex-vivo retrospective immunohistochemical study. Histol Histopathol. 2019;34:1015-24.

PMid:30907426

47. Leyva-Huerta ER, Ledesma-Montes C, Rojo-Botello RE, Vega-Memije E. P53 and bcl-2 immunoexpression in patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17:745-50.

https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.18013

PMid:22549684 PMCid:PMC3482516

48. Sanketh DS, Kumari K, Rao RS, Haragannavar VC, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, et al. Expression of Ki-67, p53, α-SMA and COX-2 in lichen planus and related lesions: A pilot study. J oral Biol craniofacial Res. 2019;9:230-5.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.02.003

PMid:31211042 PMCid:PMC6562184

49. Taniguchi Y, Nagao T, Maeda H, Kameyama Y, Warnakulasuriya KAAS. Epithelial cell proliferation in oral lichen planus. Cell Prolif. 2002;35:103-9.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2184.35.s1.11.x

PMid:12139713 PMCid:PMC6496840

50. Shailaja G, Kumar JV, Baghirath PV, Kumar U, Ashalata G, Krishna AB. Estimation of malignant transformation rate in cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and lichen planus using immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53, BCL-2, and BAX markers. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015;12:235-42.

PMid:26005463

51. Lee JJ, Kuo MY, Cheng SJ, Chiang CP, Jeng JH, Chang HH, et al. Higher expressions of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in atrophic oral lichen planus and patients with areca quid chewing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99:471-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.10.018

PMid:15772596 

52. Martín-Ezquerra G, Salgado R, Toll A, Gilaberte M, Baró T, Alameda Quitllet F, et al. Multiple genetic copy number alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: study of MYC, TP53, CCDN1, EGFR and ERBB2 status in primary and metastatic tumours. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163:1028-35.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09947.x

PMid:20662834 

53. de Sousa FA, Paradella TC, Carvalho YR, Rosa LE. Comparative analysis of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p53, bax, and bcl-2 in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2009;13:308-12.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2009.06.001

PMid:19751907 

54. Schifter M, Jones AM, Walker DM. Epithelial p53 gene expression and mutational analysis, combined with growth fraction assessment, in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 1998;27:318-24.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01963.x

PMid:9725569 

55. Acay RR, Felizzola CR, de Araújo N, de Sousa SO. Evaluation of proliferative potential in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions using immunohistochemical expression of p53 and Ki67. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:475-80.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.09.012

PMid:16364678 

56. Tanda N, Mori S, Saito K, Ikawa K, Sakamoto S. Expression of apoptotic signaling proteins in leukoplakia and oral lichen planus: quantitative and topographical studies. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000;29:385-93.

https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290804.x

PMid:10972347 

57. Shiva A, Zamanian A, Arab S, Boloki M. Immunohistochemical Study of p53 Expression in Patients with Erosive and Non-Erosive Oral Lichen Planus. J Dent (Shiraz, Iran). 2018;19:118-23.

PMid:29854885

58. Girod SC, Pfeiffer P, Ries J, Pape HD. Proliferative activity and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes as "biomarkers" in diagnosis and prognosis of benign and preneoplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;36:252-60.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-4356(98)90708-2

PMid:9762452 

59. Brunotto M, Zárate AM, Cismondi A, Fernández M del C, Noher de Halac RI. Valuation of exfoliative cytology as prediction factor in oral mucosa lesions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005;10:92-102.

PMid:15995578

60. Ögmundsdóttir HM, Björnsson J, Holbrook WP. Role of TP53 in the progression of pre‐malignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions. A follow‐up study of 144 patients. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38:565-71.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00766.x

PMid:19473450 

61. Girod SC, Pape HD, Krueger GR. p53 and PCNA expression in carcinogenesis of the oropharyngeal mucosa. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1994;30:419-23.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(94)90023-X

PMid:7719225 

62. Radwan-Oczko M, Lis-Nawara A, Hałoń A, Bar J. Comparison of biomarker expression in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2022;31:1327-34.

https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/152429

PMid:36047896 

63. Hadzi-Mihailovic M, Petrovic R, Raybaud H, Stanimirovic D, Ozar Koray M. Expression and role of p53 in oral lichen planus patients. J BUON. 2017;22:1278-86.

PMid:29135114

64. Aziz S, Hamad S, Qasim Y. The expression of p53, ki67 and COX-2 in erosive-type oral lichen planus. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2023;69:242-7.

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2023.69.12.38

PMid:38063088 

65. Basheer S, Shameena PM, Sudha S, Varma S, Vidyanath S, Varekar A. Expression of survivin and p53 in oral lichen planus, lichenoid reaction and lichenoid dysplasia: An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2017;21:456-7.

https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_39_15

PMid:29391729 PMCid:PMC5763877

66. Arreaza A, Rivera H, Correnti M. p53 expression in oral lichenoid lesions and oral lichen planus. Gen Dent. 2015;63:69-72.

PMid:25574723

67. Oliveira Alves M, Balducci I, Rodarte Carvalho Y, Cabral L, Nunes F, Almeida J. Evaluation of the expression of p53, MDM2, and SUMO-1 in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis. 2013;19:775-80.

https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12068

PMid:23350884 

68. Zhang L, Mao E, Priddy R, Rosin M. p53 overexpression in oral lichen planus. Oncol Rep. 1996;3:1145-8.

https://doi.org/10.3892/or.3.6.1145

PMid:21594527 

69. Gasco M, Crook T. The p53 network in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2003;39:222-31.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(02)00163-X

PMid:12618194 

70. Taylor D, Koch WM, Zahurak M, Shah K, Sidransky D, Westra WH. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein accumulation in head and neck cancer: correlation with p53 gene alterations. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1221-5.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90041-2

PMid:10534171 

71. Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Significance of p53 overexpression in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2022;126:105734.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105734

PMid:35091134 

72. Ostwald C, Gogacz P, Hillmann T, Schweder J, Gundlach K, Kundt G, et al. p53 mutational spectra are different between squamous-cell carcinomas of the lip and the oral cavity. Int J cancer. 2000;88:82-6.

https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20001001)88:1<82::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-N

PMid:10962443 

73. Bradley G, Irish J, MacMillan C, Mancer K, Witterick I, Hartwick W, et al. Abnormalities of the ARF-p53 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2001;20:654-8.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204131

PMid:11313998 

74. Friedrich RE, Giese M, Riethdorf S, Loning T. P53-mutation in smears of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2000;20:4927-30.

PMid:11326641