Erdem S, Tosun A. Examination of parotid gland in diabetics with ultrasound elastography and microvascular imaging. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2025 Jan 1;30 (1):e117-23.


doi:10.4317/medoral.26865

https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.26865


1. Lovic D, Piperidou A, Zografou I, Grassos H, Pittaras A, Manolis A. The Growing Epidemic of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2020;18:104-9.

https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161117666190405165911

PMid:30961501 

2. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843

PMid:31518657 

3. Mansour A, Mousa M, Abdelmannan D, Tay G, Hassoun A, Alsafar H. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Exome wide association analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1143067.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1143067

PMid:37033211 PMCid:PMC10076756

4. Henzen C. Monogenic diabetes mellitus due to defects in insulin secretion. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13690.

https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13690

PMid:23037711

5. Sun Y, Tao Q, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu Q, Wang L. The Utility of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:756581.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.756581

PMid:34764939 PMCid:PMC8576340

6. Birkenhäger-Gillesse EG, den Elzen WP, Achterberg WP, Mooijaart SP, Gussekloo J, de Craen AJ. Association Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Older Adults without Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population: The Leiden 85-Plus Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63:1059-66.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13457

PMid:26032644 

7. Mandel L, Patel S. Sialadenosis associated with diabetes mellitus: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:696-8.

https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2002.33124

PMid:12022112 

8. Thoeny HC. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. Cancer Imaging. 2007;7:52-62.

https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2007.0008

PMid:17485257 PMCid:PMC1866314

9. Jousse-Joulin S, Coiffier G. Current status of imaging of Sjogren's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2020;34:101592.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2020.101592

PMid:33011090 

10. Zhou H, Zhou XL, Xu HX, He YP, Bo XW, Li XL, et al. Initial Experience With Ultrasound Elastography for Diagnosis of Major Salivary Gland Lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35:2597-606.

https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.11093

PMid:27872416 

11. Huang C, Lowerison MR, Lucien F, Gong P, Wang D, Song P, et al. Noninvasive Contrast-Free 3D Evaluation of Tumor Angiogenesis with Ultrasensitive Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging. Sci Rep. 2019;9:4907.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41373-0

PMid:30894634 PMCid:PMC6426859

12. Heo MS, Lee SC, Lee SS, Choi HM, Choi SC, Park TW. Quantitative analysis of normal major salivary glands using computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:240-4.

https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2001.114756

PMid:11505274 

13. Li W, Sun ZP, Liu XJ, Yu GY. Volume measurements of human parotid and submandibular glands. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014;46:288-93.

PMid:24743823

14. Medbery R, Yousem DM, Needham MF, Kligerman MM. Variation in parotid gland size, configuration, and anatomic relations. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54:87-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00150-4

PMid:10719704 

15. Ono K, Morimoto Y, Inoue H, Masuda W, Tanaka T, Inenaga K. Relationship of the unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and salivary gland size estimated by magnetic resonance image in healthy young humans. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51:345-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.09.001

PMid:16219291 

16. Saito N, Sakai O, Bauer CM, Norbash AM, Jara H. Age-related relaxo-volumetric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the major salivary glands. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013;37:272-8.

https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e31827b4729

PMid:23493218 

17. Dos Santos WP, Perez Gomes JP, Nussi AD, Joa O Mauricio Altemani, Botti Rodrigues Dos Santos MT, Hasseus B, et al. Morphology, Volume, and Density Characteristics of the Parotid Glands before and after Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors. Int J Dent. 2020;2020:8176260.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8176260

PMid:32377200 PMCid:PMC7195655

18. Brzoska T, Ittermann T, Ihler F, Koch C, Blaurock M, Bülow R. Population Based Average Parotid Gland Volume and Prevalence of Incidental Tumors in T1-MRI. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10:2310.

https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112310

PMid:36421635 PMCid:PMC9690992

19. Scully C, Bagán JV, Eveson JW, Barnard N, Turner FM. Sialosis: 35 cases of persistent parotid swelling from two countries. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;46:468-72.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.01.014

PMid:18343544 

20. Russotto SB. Asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement in diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;52:594-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(81)90075-X

PMid:6947184 

21. Badarinza M, Serban O, Maghear L, Bocsa C, Micu M, Porojan MD, et al. Multimodal ultrasound investigation (grey scale, Doppler and 2D-SWE) of salivary and lacrimal glands in healthy people and patients with diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, with or without sialosis. Med Ultrason. 2019;21:257-64.

https://doi.org/10.11152/mu-2164

PMid:31476205 

22. Gupta A, Ramachandra VK, Khan M, Jha KS, Vedaraju KS, Channaiah NA. A Cross-Sectional Study on Ultrasonographic Measurements of Parotid Glands in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Dent. 2021;2021:5583412.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583412

PMid:33747082 PMCid:PMC7943275

23. Ozturk EMA, Yalcin ED. Evaluation of submandibular and parotid salivary glands by ultrasonography in patients with diabetes. J Oral Rehabil. 2024;51:1144-57.

https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13685

PMid:38514822 

24. Povlow MR, Streiff M, Madireddi S, Jaramillo C. A Primary Parotid Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Patient With Sjogren Syndrome. Cureus. 2021;13:e15679.

https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15679

PMid:34277270 PMCid:PMC8281787

25. Mansour N, Hofauer B, Knopf A. Ultrasound Elastography in Diffuse and Focal Parotid Gland Lesions. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2017;79:54-64.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000455727

PMid:28231589 

26. Collaku E, Simonini R, Balbi M, Bonaffini PA, Valle C, Morzenti C, et al. Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) Compared with Color Doppler Ultrasound for the Assessment of Hepatic Artery in Pediatric Liver Transplants: A Feasibility Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12:1476.

https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061476

PMid:35741286 PMCid:PMC9221873

27. Mao Y, Mu J, Zhao J, Yang F, Zhao L. The comparative study of color doppler flow imaging, superb microvascular imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound micro flow imaging in blood flow analysis of solid renal mass. Cancer Imaging. 2022;22:21.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-022-00458-2

PMid:35505388 PMCid:PMC9066849

28. Li S, Liu M, Chen J, Chen Y, Yin M, Zhou Y, et al. L-carnitine alleviates cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy by enhancing PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy through the CPT1a-PHB2-PARL pathways. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023;238:e13975.

https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13975

PMid:37042471 

29. Shen HL, Yang SP, Wang KJ, Huang BL, Huang WB, Wu JZ, et al. Evaluation of gastric blood supply in diabetic patients with gastroparesis by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 2016;89:20160366.

https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160366

PMid:27759430 PMCid:PMC5604913